Processes of surface and underground water forming in the Khibiny massif have been studied using a physical-chemical model of the “water–rock–atmosphere–organic substance” system. The obtained model solutions are indicative of the fact that formation of surface and underground water of the Khibiny massif takes place on the whole in the framework of the considered system without attracting a hypothetical outside source of pollutants. The results are of practical and methodological importance for assessment of prediction of the man-induced impact on water systems in conditions of Subarctic.

Thermodynamic modeling was undertaken of hypergene processes in loparite ore concentration tailings at a temperature of 3 °C and 20 °C. We investigated water evaporation in the top layers of tailings in the summer months at low filtration coefficients. It was found that the main anions of pore solutions are CO₃²⁻, HCO₃⁻, SO₄²⁻, HSiO₃⁻, and cations—Na⁺ and K⁺. The main forms of REE migration have been revealed: lanthanum and cerium. Dominant newly formed phases in the system were shown to be gibbsite and goethite, minerals of the smectite group, muscovite, feldspars, silica, mica, apatite, secondary nepheline minerals, and strontianite.

Relevance. An original modeling method is presented, which allows obtaining qualitatively new results in practice of ecological-geochemical and biomedical research. Aim. To obtain new data on the forms of element migration in the conditions of animal and human organism parameters by means of physicochemical modeling (PC "Selector") with verification of calculated data with the results obtained for real natural objects and animal organisms. Objects. Samples of natural waters and tissues of wild animals. Methods. Computer modeling (PC "Selector"); inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS, Agilent 7700x spectrometer) – 55 elements; atomic emission spectrometry (AES, spectrometer iCAP 7600 Duo) –- 5 macrocations; ion chromatography (IC, ion-liquid chromatograph LC-20) – 6 anions; inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS, mass spectrometer NexION 300D; scanning electron microscopes Hitachi S-3400N with Bruker X@Flash 5010 energy dispersive spectrometer. Results. By means of modeling, the authors have determined the qualitative and quantitative composition of the system "solution – crystalline substance". They took into account environmental conditions and physiological parameters of animal and human organism. Natural drinking water, gastric juice, mixture of drinking water and gastric juice were used as a solution, and crystalline substance was used as newly formed mineral phases in equilibrium with the solution. The work allowed establishing that the complexes assumed in the model experiment can be the cause of appearance of nanomineral phases of chemical elements in separate tissues of a living organism. Актуальность. Предложен оригинальный метод моделирования, позволяющий получить качественно новые результаты в практике эколого-геохимических и медико-биологических исследований. Цель. Работа нацелена на получение новых данных по формам миграции элементов в условиях параметров организма животных и человека с помощью физико-химического моделирования (ПК «Селектор») с заверкой расчетных данных результатами, полученными по реальным природным объектам и организмам животных. Объекты: пробы природных вод и тканей диких животных. Методы: компьютерное моделирование (ПК «Селектор»); масс-спектрометрия с индуктивно связанной плазмой (ICP-MS, спектрометр Agilent 7700х) – 55 элементов; атомно-эмиссионная спектрометрия (АЭС, спектрометр iCAP 7600 Duo) – 5 макрокатионов; ионная хроматография (ИХ, ионно-жидкостный хроматограф LC-20, Shimadzu) – 6 анионов; масс-спектрометрия с индуктивно связанной плазмой (ICP-MS, масс-спектрометр NexION 300D); сканирующие электронные микроскопы Hitachi S-3400N с энерго-дисперсионным спектрометром Bruker X@Flash 5010. Результаты. С помощью моделирования определен качественный и количественный состав системы «раствор – кристаллическое вещество» с учетом условий окружающей среды и физиологических показателей организма животных и человека, где в качестве раствора были природные питьевые воды, желудочный сок, смесь питьевых вод и желудочного сока, а в качестве кристаллического вещества – равновесные с раствором новообразованные минеральные фазы. Работа позволила установить, что предполагаемые в модельном эксперименте комплексы могут являться причиной появления в отдельных тканях живого организма наноминеральных фаз химических элементов.

Laboratory tests and physical-chemical modeling have determined that mixtures of activated silica and carbonatite, serpophite and carbonatite show considerable promise for developing artificial geochemical barriers. The obtained average contents of nickel and copper deposited on geochemical barriers in the formed mining induced ores are acceptable for their subsequent cost efficient processing using either pyro- or hydrometallurgy methods. Some tests of geochemical barriers have been carried out, involving the use of polluted water in the impact zone of the “Kol'skaya GMK” JSC. A possibility of water purification from heavy metals down to the MAC level for fishery water bodies has been displayed.

We have studied the feasibility of improving the reactivity of ferromagnesian slag through the mechanical activation of the slag with small additions of carbonate minerals in a centrifugal planetary mill. The results demonstrate that, like in the case of the mechanical activation of the slag in a carbon dioxide atmosphere, the process leads to a similar carbonization product, which is considerably more capable of hydraulic hardening than is the slag mechanically activated in air. The highest strength is offered by slag-carbonate materials containing 0.25–1 wt % carbonate (in terms of CO₂).