Poultry farming plays a crucial role in food security and income generation in West Africa, where urbanization continues to increase the demand for animal protein. In Togo, egg production has become an important source of revenue, yet farm profitability varies widely. This study analyzes the factors influencing the agricultural income of poultry egg producers in southern Togo. Data were collected from 269 farmers in the Maritime and Plateaux regions using structured questionnaires completed between January and February 2025. Descriptive statistics and quantile regression were employed for data analysis. Only 36.8% of producers had received training in animal husbandry; most were between 40 and 50 years old, 94.1% were men, and 88.5% were married. Profitability analysis showed that egg production is lucrative, with feed expenses representing the largest cost component. Regression results revealed that egg prices were the most consistent indicator of income, with stable effects across quantiles. Breed, housing depreciation, flock size, and feed pricing all positively influenced income, whereas loan availability and labor costs had negative effects. Most sociodemographic variables were not statistically significant. Overall, the findings highlight the central roles of feed management and egg prices in determining profitability and suggest that interventions should focus on cost reduction, technical training, and infrastructure support to enhance production performance.

Assessments of poverty among agricultural households in Sub-Saharan Africa often rely on either monetary or multidimensional indicators considered separately, overlooking key structural constraints. This study investigates the determinants of both monetary and multidimensional poverty among agricultural households in Togo. Using nationally representative EHCVM 2021/22 data from 2893 households, monetary poverty is measured using the Foster–Greer–Thorbecke Index, while multidimensional poverty is assessed with the Alkire–Foster method. A survey-weighted logit model is employed to identify the drivers associated with each poverty dimension. Results show that multidimensional poverty (59.40%) is more widespread than monetary poverty (51.50%). Education substantially reduces poverty risk, whereas larger household size, limited market access, and residence in the Savannah region increase it. Economic and natural shocks are negatively associated with monetary and absolute poverty, while cooperative membership raises the likelihood of being poor. Investment in livestock (TLU) reduces monetary poverty but increases multidimensional deprivation. These findings highlight that poverty among agricultural households in Togo is shaped by interconnected socioeconomic and institutional constraints rather than income deprivation alone. Therefore, integrated strategies aligned with the Sustainable Development Goals, particularly those promoting education, rural credit access, market integration, and resilience-building, are essential for achieving effective and context-specific poverty reduction.