Litter nutrient stoichiometry and its drivers are important for understanding nutrient cycling in desert ecosystems, plant adaptation strategies, and the sustainability of ecosystem functions. However, little is known about the spatial variation in litter nutrient stoichiometry and its environmental drivers in desert shrubs. This study focused on two Nitraria species (N. tangutorum Bobrov and N. sphaerocarpa Maxim) in Northwestern China, analyzing leaf litter N, P, and K stoichiometry, their spatial variation, and environmental drivers. Nutrient concentrations and stoichiometric ratios did not differ significantly between the two species. The average N contents in the litters of N. tangutorum and N. sphaerocarpa were 11.363 mg g⁻¹ and 11.295 mg g⁻¹, respectively. The P contents were 0.591 mg g⁻¹ and 0.611 mg g⁻¹, whereas the K contents were 17.482 mg g⁻¹ and 16.255 mg g⁻¹, respectively. With the changes in geographic and climatic factors, the same nutrient elements of the two Nitraria species showed inconsistent variation patterns. Both species showed low P concentration, indicating high P resorption and possible P limitation, reflecting nutrient vulnerability in desert ecosystems according to the scaling exponents among elements. In litter, the residual nutrient contents ranked as K > P > N, suggesting strong N resorption but low K resorption, especially for N. sphaerocarpa. N was mainly influenced by latitude, P by soil properties, and K by mean annual temperature. Moreover, litter stoichiometric ratios of N. tangutorum were relatively stable, whereas those of N. sphaerocarpa were more sensitive to environmental variables. In conclusion, the two Nitraria shrubs exhibited differential nutrient use strategies under nutrient restriction, providing insights into nutrient cycling and supporting sustainable management of desert ecosystems.