One of the most significant trends of firms in recent years is the investment growth in Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) in China. CSR investment helps firms to create business value and develop strategic resources, whereas many firms ignore its optimal level. Extraordinary enthusiasm for CSR possibly leads to over-investment in CSR, which increases firms’ cost and has a negative influence on financial performance. We tried to explore the reasons why Chinese firms are so enthusiastic about CSR investment. Drawing upon the social exchange theories, we tested the relationship between political ties and over-investment in CSR, and examined how this relationship is moderated by the degree of resource competition. Based on a sample of 2304 private firms in China, we found that political ties have a positive effect on CSR over-investment. Our findings also suggested that the degree of resource competition positively moderates the relationship between political ties and over-investment in CSR.

Our paper presents an intuitive model of bystander intervention to workplace mistreatment. Drawing on the literature on moral intuition, our paper proposes (1) that bystanders match an observed conduct to mistreatment descriptions (the first type of mistreatment prototypes), and (2) that bystanders make intuitive judgments and take immediate interventions when intervention prescriptions (the second type of mistreatment prototypes) exist in their long-term memory. Our paper also argues that bystanders’ intuitive judgments and interventions depend on the accessibility of their mistreatment prototypes, which are formed through learning mechanisms. Our paper contributes to the literature on bystander responses to workplace mistreatment.

Studying the historical processes of technology development is important as a means of learning about technologies in some historical periods and identifyi