Diabetes mellitus is a complicated metabolic disease that has become one of the fastest-growing health crises in modern society. Diabetic patients may suffer from various complications, and diabetic foot is one of them. It can lead to increased rates of lower-extremity amputation and mortality, even seriously threatening the life and health of patients. Because its healing process is affected by various factors, its management and treatment are very challenging. To address these problems, smart biomaterials have been developed to expedite diabetic wound closure and improve treatment outcomes. This review begins with a discussion of the basic mechanisms of wound recovery and the limitations of current dressings used for diabetic wound healing. Then, the categories and characteristics of the smart biomaterial scaffolds, which can be utilized as a delivery system for drugs with anti-inflammatory activity, bioactive agency, and antibacterial nanoparticles for diabetic wound treatment were described. In addition, it can act as a responsive system to the stimulus of the pH, reactive oxygen species, and glucose concentration from the wound microenvironment. These results show that smart biomaterials have an enormous perspective for the treatment of diabetic wounds in all stages of healing. Finally, the advantages of the construction of smart biomaterials are summarized, and possible new strategies for the clinical management of diabetic wounds are proposed.

Germline specification is a fundamental step for human reproduction and this biological phenomenon possesses technical challenges to study in vivo as it occurs immediately after blastocyst implantation. The establishment of in vitro human primordial germ cell-like cells (hPGCLCs) induction system allows sophisticated characterization of human primordial germ cells (hPGCs) development. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of hPGCLC specification are not fully elucidated. Here, we observed particularly high expression of the histone demethylase KDM2B in male fetal germ cells (FGCs) but not in male somatic cells. Besides, KDM2B shared similar expression pattern with hPGC marker genes in hPGCLCs, suggesting an important role of KDM2B in germ cell development. Although deletion of KDM2B had no significant effects on human embryonic stem cell (hESC)'s pluripotency, loss of KDM2B dramatically impaired hPGCLCs differentiation whereas ectopically expressed KDM2B could efficiently rescue such defect, indicating this defect was due to KDM2B's loss in hPGCLC specification. Mechanistically, as revealed by the transcriptional profiling, KDM2B suppressed the expression of somatic genes thus inhibited somatic differentiation during hPGCLC specification. These data collectively indicate that KDM2B is an indispensable epigenetic regulator for hPGCLC specification, shedding lights on how epigenetic regulations orchestrate transcriptional events in hPGC development for future investigation.

Diabetic wound healing is frequently impaired by microcirculatory deficiencies and a proinflammatory microenvironment under conditions of persistent hyperglycemia. This study presents a smart multifunctional hydrogel dressing based on a ternary‐network system of poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA), gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA), and 3‐methacrylamidophenylboronic acid (MPBA) for sustained delivery of exosomes. The resulting PEGDA‐GelMA‐MPBA@Exos (P‐G‐M@Exos) hydrogel exhibits high hydrophilicity, tunable mechanical strength, potent antibacterial activity, and favorable biocompatibility. A key innovation of this system is its glucose‐mediated exosome release through dynamic boronate ester bonds, enabling on demand delivery of bioactive molecules in response to hyperglycemic conditions. In vivo, the hydrogel significantly enhanced M2 macrophage polarization, mitigated excessive inflammation, and promoted functional angiogenesis by upregulating VEGF . These coordinated action ultimately facilitated rapid wound closure, enhanced collagen remodeling, and promoted re‐epithelialization. Our study offers a promising therapeutic platform for intelligent wound management, demonstrating strong translational potential for diabetic wound care.

Aims: To examine the associations among illness perception, resignation coping, social support, and self‐regulatory fatigue (SRF) in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus. The study specifically explores whether resignation coping and social support exhibit indirect associations with SRF in the context of illness perception. Design: A cross‐sectional study. Methods: From November 2024 to October 2025, a convenience sample of 302 adult patients with T2DM was recruited from a tertiary general hospital in China. Participants completed validated instruments with established psychometric properties, namely the Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire, the Medical Coping Modes Questionnaire, the Perceived Social Support Scale, and the Self‐Regulatory Fatigue Scale. Statistical analyses included Spearman correlation and serial mediation analysis using the PROCESS Macro (Model 6) with bias‐corrected bootstrapping. Results: SRF was positively correlated with negative illness perception ( r = 0.579, p < 0.01) and resignation coping ( r = 0.612, p < 0.01), and negatively correlated with social support ( r = −0.598, p < 0.01). Serial mediation analysis revealed that illness perception was associated with SRF through indirect pathways involving resignation coping and social support. Resignation coping and social support mediated the association between illness perception and self‐regulatory fatigue, both individually and sequentially. Conclusions: Negative illness perception correlates with higher SRF. This observed correlation is additionally linked to indirect pathways involving resignation coping and lower social support. Collectively, these findings highlight a pattern of interrelated cognitive (illness perception), behavioural (resignation coping), and resource (social support) factors that are associated with self‐regulatory fatigue in this cross‐sectional study. Implications for the Profession: The findings offer a clear, evidence‐based framework for nursing practice. They highlight the potential value of integrated assessment and intervention that simultaneously addresses patients' illness beliefs, maladaptive coping strategies, and social support systems, which are associated with lower SRF and better diabetes self‐management. Reporting Method: This study adheres to the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) guidelines for cross‐sectional studies. Patient or Public Contribution: Patients participated solely as research participants by providing survey data. They were not involved in the study design, implementation, data analysis, interpretation, or manuscript preparation. All patients provided written informed consent prior to questionnaire completion.