This study integrates the chemical components and pharmacological effects of the three medicinal herbs in Shuanghuanglian preparations— Flos Lonicerae , Radix Scutellariae , and Fructus Forsythiae . Network pharmacology was used to predict action targets associated with antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and antiviral activities. The results show that Flos Lonicerae mainly contains flavonoids and organic acids. Radix Scutellariae is primarily composed of flavonoids and phenylpropanoids. Fructus Forsythiae includes phenolic acids, lignans, and other compounds. In terms of pharmacological effects, chlorogenic acid and baicalin are the core antibacterial components. Baicalein and forsythoside A are key anti-inflammatory active substances. Chlorogenic acid and forsythoside A exhibit antiviral activity. This study clarifies the main chemical material basis of Shuanghuanglian preparations and their underlying antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and antiviral mechanisms, thus providing theoretical support for further research and clinical application. However, the molecular mechanisms of some compounds remain unclear. Future studies should focus on further mechanistic and clinical research to promote the optimization and application of Shuanghuanglian preparations.

Pharyngiyan tablet is a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) renowned for its efficacy in moisturizing the lungs, clearing the throat. However, it exhibits quality variations due to discrepancies in regulatory standards and challenges in comprehensive evaluation. In this study, ultra‐performance liquid chromatography–quadrupole time‐of‐flight tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC–Q–TOF–MS/MS) was used to qualitatively analyze the chemical composition of pharyngiyan tablets. Full composition analysis detected 131 chemical constituents. Gallic acid, paeoniflorin, rutin, baicalin, and harpagoside were identified as quality control (QC) indexes through rational screening. These indexes were selected based on their effectiveness in demonstrating differences, stability after processing, specificity, and cost‐effectiveness in measurement. For the multimetric quality assessment of the five screening components, a high‐performance liquid chromatography with diode array detector (HPLC–DAD) method with wavelength switching was developed. A total of 104 batches of samples from 10 manufacturers were included in the analyses. The content of each ingredient varied significantly across enterprises and batches, with certain enterprises characterized by inferior drug feeding, deviation from prescribed ingredient amounts, and nonstandardized feeding practices. Overall, aquality assessment method was established to provide a basis for the market regulation and quality assessment of pharyngiyan tablets.