Aim: The aim of this article is to present and discuss the conclusions of a finalized pilot project implementing telemedical solutions for COPD management within the senior population in Wrocław and the Lower Silesian Voivodeship during 2022-2023. The project aimed to analyze and summarize the implementation of telemedical solutions in the context of pulmonology in the Polish healthcare sector. It also aimed to contribute to the development of innovative strategies to improve care for individuals with COPD through the use of telemedical technologies. Materials and methods: An interdisciplinary and comprehensive pilot project in pulmonology was applied, dividing it into health, organizational, and technological areas. The steps and data collection strategy were presented, enabling the implementation of telemedical solutions among COPD patients in Poland. The implementation of telemedical solutions in COPD represented an innovative approach to improving care. Among the main goals of the project were to reduce patient waiting times, enhance disease progress monitoring, and provide access to specialized healthcare through the use of modern telemedical technologies. Various telemedical solutions were implemented, including remote monitoring of health parameters, online consultations with pulmonology specialists, and patient education on self-monitoring of symptoms. Conclusions: The analysis of the pilot project implementing telemedical solutions in the field of pulmonology in the Polish healthcare sector has shown that telemedicine can improve care for COPD patients. The project's outcomes indicate the potential for reducing patient waiting times and better monitoring of disease progression. However, these aspects require improvement and refinement, particularly in terms of systemic solutions.

Health literacy is an important determinant of health-related behaviours, self-care, and health outcomes, but large-scale evidence on self-perceived health literacy remains limited, particularly in Central and Eastern Europe. This study examined the association between self-perceived health literacy, health behaviours, self-rated health, and selected health indicators in a large sample of adult Polish internet users. Self-perceived health literacy was assessed using a single self-assessment item from the 2024 National Health Test of Poles (NTZP). This cross-sectional secondary analysis used an anonymised dataset of 120,000 adult respondents from NTZP 2024, a nationwide CAWI survey. The analytical sample was weighted by sex, age, educational attainment, and size of place of residence to reflect the structure of Polish internet users aged 18 years and older. Self-perceived health literacy was analysed primarily as an ordinal variable to preserve the ordered structure of the response scale. Associations with sociodemographic characteristics, health behaviours, self-rated physical and mental health, chronic conditions, and selected health complaints were examined using correlation analyses and regression models appropriate to the scale of the variables. For selected binary outcomes retained for descriptive comparability, effect estimates were reported as odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals. Higher self-perceived health literacy was consistently associated with more favourable health-related profiles. Respondents with higher self-perceived health literacy were more likely to report regular physical activity (OR = 1.66) and daily vegetable consumption (OR = 1.83), and were more likely to report very good physical health (OR = 2.50) and very good mental health (OR = 2.20). Higher self-perceived health literacy was also associated with lower frequencies of selected symptoms, including insomnia (OR = 0.60), chest pain (OR = 0.43), memory problems (OR = 0.50), and work-related exhaustion (OR = 0.59). Correlation analyses showed that the strongest positive associations were observed for education, physical health, and mental health. In this large cross-sectional study, higher self-perceived health literacy was associated with better self-rated health, more favourable health behaviours, and a lower burden of selected somatic and mental health complaints. These findings support the relevance of self-perceived health literacy as a population health correlate and as a potentially useful consideration in public health planning. Because of the cross-sectional design and the use of a survey-specific self-report measure, the findings should be interpreted cautiously and not as evidence of causal effects.

Background: We examined the prevalence and correlates of energy drink (ED) consumption in Polish adults using an archival, nationally sourced dataset. Methods: Cross-sectional analysis of 120,000 adults from the archival 2024 National Health Test of Poles (computer-assisted web interview). ED consumption was assessed by frequency and dichotomized for regression (ever vs. never). Multivariable logistic regression estimated adjusted odds ratios (aOR) with 95% confidence intervals; an age cut-off was derived using ROC/Youden. Owing to the cross-sectional design, all estimates are interpreted as associations rather than causal effects. Results: In this national sample, 16.9% of adults reported ever consuming energy drinks, while regular (weekly or more frequent) consumption was rare (2.8%). After multivariable adjustment, the strongest independent correlates of ever consuming an energy drink were an age ≤53 years (aOR 3.80, 95% CI 3.61–4.01), male sex (aOR 3.17, 95% CI 3.03–3.32), frequent fast-food consumption (aOR 2.63, 95% CI 2.51–2.76), and being a current smoker (aOR 2.49, 95% CI 2.23–2.77). In contrast to the initial hypothesis, consumption was not found to be independently associated with education level. A strong, dose-dependent relationship was observed between consumption frequency and an increased prevalence of sleep disturbances, depression, and somatic complaints like headaches and chest pain. Conclusions: Energy drink consumption in Poland is concentrated within a high-risk demographic of young to middle-aged men and is deeply embedded within a cluster of adverse health behaviors. These findings underscore the need for comprehensive public health interventions that address the entire lifestyle pattern, rather than focusing solely on energy drink use.

Background: Introducing innovations in the healthcare sector often involves testing groundbreaking solutions, ranging from advanced diagnostic technologies to new therapies and modern patient data management systems. Thorough and systematic risk monitoring not only enhances the chances of project success but also constitutes a crucial element in building trust in innovative healthcare solutions.Aim of the study: Presenting and discussing risks, risk management strategies in a pilot project implementing telemedical solutions in the field of pulmonology.Materials and Methods: The paper analyzed key risks along with conducted remedial actions taken during the implementation of a pilot telemedical project in the field of pulmonology. Systematic analyses covered technological, financial, legal, organizational, external, clinical, and competency areas. The description of a specific project case was used, along with a narrative of personal experiences during its execution in the given year. Results: The telemedical project for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), focusing on clinical assessment and observation of spirometric parameters, aims to address the challenges related to the care of individuals with COPD. The innovative aspects of the pilot project were emphasized, along with its potential impact on improving pulmonological care. The paper discussed aspects related to risk management and remedial actions, identifying areas where the project could serve as a model for further research and practices in the field.Conclusions: The coordination of medical teams, primary care physicians, pulmonology specialists, and nurses with strong and multifaceted administrative support constitutes a key element of remedial actions. This collaboration enables effective counteraction against potential negative consequences of testing telemedical solutions in pulmonology by implementing appropriate corrective measures and efficient remedial actions.

Celem niniejszego artykułu jest dokonanie przeglądu źródeł prawnych, które stanowią podstawę do wdrożenia zdrowotnych aplikacji mobilnych podczas trwającej na świecie pandemii. W pracy sformułowano hipotezę badawczą — normy prawne gwarantują bezpieczeństwo ochrony danych osobowych w funkcjonowaniu i korzystaniu z aplikacji. Na podstawie dokonanego przeglądu można stwierdzić, że normy prawa unijnego oraz polskiego gwarantują bezpieczeństwo i ochronę danych korzystających obligatoryjnie i nieobligatoryjnie. Gromadzone dane nie mogą być przetwarzane w celach komercyjnych i nie powinny być przetwarzane do nadzoru obywateli.

Przedmiot badań Przeciwdziałanie nieprzestrzeganiu zaleceń terapeutycznych z punktu widzenia ekonomicznego powinno być kluczową strategią w obniżaniu kosztów leczenia i osiągnięciu korzyści zdrowotnych zarówno dla jednostek, jak i całych populacji. Cel badań Niniejszy przegląd literatury miał na celu określenie najczęstszych ekonomicznych konsekwencji nieprzestrzegania zaleceń terapeutycznych w populacji pacjentów chorych przewlekle oraz wskazanie możliwych sposobów na zmniejszenie poziomu nieprzestrzegania tych zaleceń. Materiały i metody Przegląd ten został opracowany na podstawie prac zindeksowanych w bazach danych, takich jak PubMed, MEDLINE, CINAHL, Web of Science oraz Scopus. Kryteria włączenia obejmowały pełnotekstowe artykuły dostępne w języku angielskim, opublikowane w latach 2013-2023, które poruszały temat ekonomicznych skutków nieprzestrzegania zaleceń terapeutycznych w chorobach przewlekłych. Wyniki Analizowane badania wykazały, że przestrzeganie zaleceń terapeutycznych jest zarówno mniej kosztowne, jak i bardziej skuteczne. Główne czynniki nieprzestrzegania zaleceń terapeutycznych to wysokie koszty leków oraz niski status ekonomiczny pacjentów. Zgodnie z dostępnymi badaniami, nieprzestrzeganie zaleceń terapeutycznych przez pacjentów przewlekle chorych wiąże się z wysokimi kosztami leczenia, hospitalizacji oraz opieki długoterminowej. Wnioski Wysokie koszty związane z nieprzestrzeganiem zaleceń terapeutycznych obejmują również wydatki związane z częstszymi wizytami u specjalistów, dodatkowymi badaniami diagnostycznymi oraz zwiększoną potrzebą interwencji medycznych. Ponadto, zły stan zdrowia wynikający z nieprzestrzegania zaleceń może prowadzić do obniżenia produktywności pacjentów, co z kolei wpływa na ich zdolność do pracy i generowania dochodów. To wszystko przyczynia się do dodatkowych kosztów społecznych, takich jak obciążenie opiekunów oraz spadek jakości życia pacjentów i ich rodzin. Ważnym aspektem jest współpraca pracowników ochrony zdrowia z pacjentami w celu opracowania spersonalizowanych planów leczenia, które są realistyczne, dostępne i dostosowane do potrzeb oraz preferencji pacjentów. Skuteczne przeciwdziałanie nieprzestrzeganiu zaleceń terapeutycznych z perspektywy ekonomicznej może prowadzić do znacznych oszczędności oraz poprawy jakości życia pacjentów, co jest istotnym celem zarówno dla systemów opieki zdrowotnej, jak i dla całych społeczeństw.