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With the development of society, an increasing number of educational institutions have adopted field environmental education activities rather than classroom education. Field education can not only enhance students’ environmental awareness but also enable them to fully understand environmental protection knowledge. Ecological protection areas are important bases for educational institutions to organize students to implement field environmental education. Focusing on Zhuhai City, this study explored spatial relationships between educational institutions and ecological protection zones using Kernel density estimation, the two-step floating catchment area method, and Thiessen polygons. Specific actions included measuring transportation accessibility and dividing the service scopes of ecological protection zones to provide field environmental education for educational institutions. These actions provided a helpful reference for educational institutions to conduct field environmental education activities effectively. The results showed the following: (1) Schools in Zhuhai City were mainly located in subdistricts and presented a spatial layout of “one primary and two secondary.” Students were mainly concentrated in villages and towns and presented a spatial layout of “one core and two centers.” Ecological protection zones were scattered in the township area; their spatial relationships with educational institutions were scattered. Meanwhile, their spatial relationship with the number of students was relatively concentrated. (2) In terms of the accessibility of educational institutions to ecological protection zones, the educational institutions in the northeast of Xiangzhou District and the middle of Doumen District had higher accessibility, while the educational institutions in the middle and south of Zhuhai City had lower accessibility, and the educational institutions in the middle of Xiangzhou District had the lowest accessibility. (3) Based on accessibility, the service scopes of field environmental education activities in ecological protection zones were divided into 15 blocks. Here, the educational institutions located in Xiangzhou District, the western part of Jinwan District, and western, middle, and eastern parts of Doumen District had relatively strong spatial dispersions with the ecological protection zones within their blocks, while the educational institutions located in the central and eastern parts of Jinwan District and northern and southern parts of Doumen District had relatively weak spatial dispersions with the ecological protection zones within their blocks.
Chunshan Zhou; Dahao Zhang; Xiong He. Transportation Accessibility Evaluation of Educational Institutions Conducting Field Environmental Education Activities in Ecological Protection Areas: A Case Study of Zhuhai City. Sustainability 2021, 13, 9392 .
AMA StyleChunshan Zhou, Dahao Zhang, Xiong He. Transportation Accessibility Evaluation of Educational Institutions Conducting Field Environmental Education Activities in Ecological Protection Areas: A Case Study of Zhuhai City. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (16):9392.
Chicago/Turabian StyleChunshan Zhou; Dahao Zhang; Xiong He. 2021. "Transportation Accessibility Evaluation of Educational Institutions Conducting Field Environmental Education Activities in Ecological Protection Areas: A Case Study of Zhuhai City." Sustainability 13, no. 16: 9392.
Hive Box is a company that operates a network of express unattended collection and delivery points (UCDPs) in China. Hive Box distribution enhances community-based end-to-end delivery services and low-carbon city logistics. It is argued that UCDPs compared with attended collection and delivery points (ACDPs) should be considered for further investigation. Therefore, the present study employed kernel density estimation, spatial autocorrelation analysis, and geographically weighted regression to investigate the spatial heterogeneity of Hive Box distribution across Guangzhou. Hive Box location data were collected from smartphone apps. The results were as follows: (1) the kernel density declined from the city center toward the outskirts, and showed point-like spatial agglomerations in the city center; (2) the Moran’s I index analysis showed that Hive Box distribution exhibited spatial agglomeration from a global perspective and geographic variations in locality in space; the heterogeneity of urban–rural differences implies the uneven development of Hive Box distribution in Guangzhou; and (3) the factors influencing Hive Box distribution were multilevel, and their effects were complex and varied across regions. These results shed light on the agglomeration and heterogeneity characteristics of the spatial distribution and influencing factors of Hive Boxes. For an enhanced community-based end-to-end delivery service, this study suggested the identification of the geographic variations of Hive Box distribution and the combined effects of multiple factors in intensifying the infrastructure of unattended locker points.
Song Liu; Ying Liu; Rongrong Zhang; Yongwang Cao; Ming Li; Bahram Zikirya; Chunshan Zhou. Heterogeneity of Spatial Distribution and Factors Influencing Unattended Locker Points in Guangzhou, China: The Case of Hive Box. ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 2021, 10, 409 .
AMA StyleSong Liu, Ying Liu, Rongrong Zhang, Yongwang Cao, Ming Li, Bahram Zikirya, Chunshan Zhou. Heterogeneity of Spatial Distribution and Factors Influencing Unattended Locker Points in Guangzhou, China: The Case of Hive Box. ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information. 2021; 10 (6):409.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSong Liu; Ying Liu; Rongrong Zhang; Yongwang Cao; Ming Li; Bahram Zikirya; Chunshan Zhou. 2021. "Heterogeneity of Spatial Distribution and Factors Influencing Unattended Locker Points in Guangzhou, China: The Case of Hive Box." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 10, no. 6: 409.
Determining the coupling development mode and evolution process of the tourism–urbanization–ecological environment system is of great significance in promoting high-quality and sustainable development of tourism and the urban economy. In this study, an evaluation index system of the tourism–urbanization–ecological environment system was established, and the spatiotemporal differentiation of the coupling and coordination relationship of the tourism–urbanization–ecological environment system was analyzed for 35 major tourist cities in China from 2009 to 2018. The results show that the comprehensive development indices of the tourism industry subsystem and urbanization subsystem of China’s major tourist cities have steadily increased. The comprehensive development indices of large-sized and medium-sized cities in the east are relatively high. From 2009 to 2018, the coordination degree and coupling degree of the tourism–urbanization–ecological environment’ system of 35 tourist cities showed an upward trend. The growth rate of the coupling coordination degree lags behind the growth rate of the coupling degree, and the overall system coordination level is still low. There are significant differences in the coupling degree and coupling coordination degree among the eastern, central, and western cities. This study offers both theoretical and practical implications for further equalizing the development level between the cities, as well as improving the overall coordination between the tourism industry, urbanization, and the ecological environment in China.
Xia Xie; Hui Sun; Jun Gao; Feifei Chen; Chunshan Zhou. Spatiotemporal Differentiation of Coupling and Coordination Relationship of Tourism–Urbanization–Ecological Environment System in China’s Major Tourist Cities. Sustainability 2021, 13, 5867 .
AMA StyleXia Xie, Hui Sun, Jun Gao, Feifei Chen, Chunshan Zhou. Spatiotemporal Differentiation of Coupling and Coordination Relationship of Tourism–Urbanization–Ecological Environment System in China’s Major Tourist Cities. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (11):5867.
Chicago/Turabian StyleXia Xie; Hui Sun; Jun Gao; Feifei Chen; Chunshan Zhou. 2021. "Spatiotemporal Differentiation of Coupling and Coordination Relationship of Tourism–Urbanization–Ecological Environment System in China’s Major Tourist Cities." Sustainability 13, no. 11: 5867.
The accurate delineation of urban agglomeration boundary is conductive to not only the better understanding of the development relationship between cities in urban agglomeration but also to the guidance of regional functions as well as the formulation of regional management policies. At the same time, the fusion of land relations and urban internal relations can greatly improve the accuracy of the delineation of urban agglomeration boundary. Still, for all that, previous studies delineated the boundary only from the perspective of land relations. In this study, firstly, wavelet transform is used to fuse Night-time Light data (NTL), POI (Point of Interest) data and Tencent Migration data, respectively. Then, the image is segmented by multiresolution segmentation to delineate the urban agglomeration boundary of GBA. Finally, the results are verified. The results show that the accuracy of urban agglomeration boundary delineated by NTL data is 85.57%, with the Kappa value as 0.6256, respectively. While, after fusing POI data, the accuracy is 88.97%, with the Kappa value as 0.7011, respectively. What is more, the accuracy of delineating urban agglomeration boundary by continuous fusion of population movement data reaches 93.60%, and that of Kappa value as 0.8155. Therefore, it can be concluded that compared with delineating the boundary of urban agglomeration only based on land relations, the fusion of population movement data of urban agglomerations by wavelet transform strengthens the interconnection between cities in urban agglomeration and contributes to the accurate division of urban agglomeration boundaries. What is more, such accurate delineation not only has important practical value for optimizing the spatial structure of urban agglomerations, but also assists in the formulation of regional management and development planning policies.
Xiong He; Xiaodie Yuan; Dahao Zhang; Rongrong Zhang; Ming Li; Chunshan Zhou. Delineation of Urban Agglomeration Boundary Based on Multisource Big Data Fusion—A Case Study of Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macao Greater Bay Area (GBA). Remote Sensing 2021, 13, 1801 .
AMA StyleXiong He, Xiaodie Yuan, Dahao Zhang, Rongrong Zhang, Ming Li, Chunshan Zhou. Delineation of Urban Agglomeration Boundary Based on Multisource Big Data Fusion—A Case Study of Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macao Greater Bay Area (GBA). Remote Sensing. 2021; 13 (9):1801.
Chicago/Turabian StyleXiong He; Xiaodie Yuan; Dahao Zhang; Rongrong Zhang; Ming Li; Chunshan Zhou. 2021. "Delineation of Urban Agglomeration Boundary Based on Multisource Big Data Fusion—A Case Study of Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macao Greater Bay Area (GBA)." Remote Sensing 13, no. 9: 1801.
As one of the most important criteria for measuring the quality of urban life and the environment, urban vitality has become the focus of urban-related research and related disciplines with an increasing number of advocates for the rapid and harmonious development of urban cities. Urban takeaway can represent urban vitality, but studies have not investigated this in a quantitative manner. Furthermore, current studies rarely focus on or even mention the urban food takeaway vitality generated by the spatial distribution of urban takeaway. This study first calculated the vitality of urban takeaways based on the urban takeaway distribution, building footprint, Open Street Map (OSM) data, and the Rapidly Exploring Random Tree (RRT). Then, the urban vitality was obtained using Tencent-Yichuxing data and night-time light data, followed by a spatial correlation analysis between the urban takeaway vitality and urban vitality. Finally, the results for Beijing, Shanghai, and Guangzhou were compared, and the following conclusions were drawn: (1) there is a significant spatial correlation between the urban takeaway vitality and urban vitality, but the correlation varies in different cities at different times; and (2) even in the same city, different road and building densities have an impact on the correlation. The urban takeaway vitality proposed in this study can be used as a new index to evaluate the urban vitality, which has important theoretical and practical significance for the sustainable development of future urban cities.
Bahram Zikirya; Xiong He; Ming Li; Chunshan Zhou. Urban Food Takeaway Vitality: A New Technique to Assess Urban Vitality. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2021, 18, 3578 .
AMA StyleBahram Zikirya, Xiong He, Ming Li, Chunshan Zhou. Urban Food Takeaway Vitality: A New Technique to Assess Urban Vitality. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18 (7):3578.
Chicago/Turabian StyleBahram Zikirya; Xiong He; Ming Li; Chunshan Zhou. 2021. "Urban Food Takeaway Vitality: A New Technique to Assess Urban Vitality." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 7: 3578.
The Huang-Huai-Hai Plain is the major crop-producing region in China. Based on the climate and socio-economic data from 1995 to 2018, we analyzed the spatial–temporal characteristics in grain production and its influencing factors by using exploratory spatial data analysis, a gravity center model, a spatial panel data model, and a geographically weighted regression model. The results indicated the following: (1) The grain production of eastern and southern areas was higher, while that of western and northern areas was lower; (2) The grain production center in the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain shifted from the southeast to northwest in Tai’an, and was distributed stably at the border between Jining and Tai’an; (3) The global spatial autocorrelation experienced a changing process of “decline–growth–decline”, and the area of hot and cold spots was gradually reduced and stabilized, which indicated that the polarization of grain production in local areas gradually weakened and the spatial difference gradually decreased in the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain; (4) The impact of socio-economic factors has been continuously enhanced while the role of climate factors in grain production has been gradually weakened. The ratio of the effective irrigated area, the amount of fertilizer applied per unit sown area, and the average per capita annual income of rural residents were conducive to the increase in grain production in the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain; however, the effect of the annual precipitation on grain production has become weaker. More importantly, the association between the three factors and grain production was found to be spatially heterogeneous at the local geographic level.
Chunshan Zhou; Rongrong Zhang; Xiaoju Ning; Zhicheng Zheng. Spatial-Temporal Characteristics in Grain Production and Its Influencing Factors in the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain from 1995 to 2018. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2020, 17, 9193 .
AMA StyleChunshan Zhou, Rongrong Zhang, Xiaoju Ning, Zhicheng Zheng. Spatial-Temporal Characteristics in Grain Production and Its Influencing Factors in the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain from 1995 to 2018. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17 (24):9193.
Chicago/Turabian StyleChunshan Zhou; Rongrong Zhang; Xiaoju Ning; Zhicheng Zheng. 2020. "Spatial-Temporal Characteristics in Grain Production and Its Influencing Factors in the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain from 1995 to 2018." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 24: 9193.
Urban built-up areas are not only the embodiment of urban expansion but also the main space carrier of urban activities. Accurate extraction of urban built-up areas is of great practical significance for measuring the urbanization process and judging the urban environment. It is difficult to identify urban built-up areas objectively and accurately with single data. Therefore, to evaluate urban built-up areas more accurately, this study uses the new method of fusing wavelet transforms and images on the basis of utilization of the POI data of March 2019 and the Luojia1-A data from October 2018 to March 2019. to identify urban built-up areas. The identified urban built-up areas are mainly concentrated in the areas with higher urbanization level and night light value, such as the northeast of Dianchi Lake and the eastern bank around the Dianchi Lake. It is shown in the accuracy verification result that the classification accuracy identified by night-light data of urban build-up area accounts for 84.00% of the total area with the F1 score 0.5487 and the Classification accuracy identified by the fusion of night-light data and POI data of urban build-up area accounts for 96.27% of the total area with the F1 score 0.8343. It is indicated that the built-up areas identified after image fusion are significantly improved with more realistic extraction results. In addition, point of interest (POI) data can better account for the deficiency in nighttime light (NTL) data extraction of urban built-up areas in the urban spatial structure, making the extraction results more objective and accurate. The method proposed in this study can extract urban built-up areas more conveniently and accurately, which is of great practical significance for urbanization monitoring and sustainable urban planning and construction.
Xiong He; Chunshan Zhou; Jun Zhang; Xiaodie Yuan. Using Wavelet Transforms to Fuse Nighttime Light Data and POI Big Data to Extract Urban Built-Up Areas. Remote Sensing 2020, 12, 3887 .
AMA StyleXiong He, Chunshan Zhou, Jun Zhang, Xiaodie Yuan. Using Wavelet Transforms to Fuse Nighttime Light Data and POI Big Data to Extract Urban Built-Up Areas. Remote Sensing. 2020; 12 (23):3887.
Chicago/Turabian StyleXiong He; Chunshan Zhou; Jun Zhang; Xiaodie Yuan. 2020. "Using Wavelet Transforms to Fuse Nighttime Light Data and POI Big Data to Extract Urban Built-Up Areas." Remote Sensing 12, no. 23: 3887.
Previous investigations of the settlement intentions of China’s floating population have been undermined by an oversimplification of the concepts and measurements related to settlement intentions. More attention should be paid to influencing factors from the theoretical framework of “place utility” in new periods. Based on this framework, we use a multinormal logistic regression model to explore the impact of economic, human capital, and social factors on migration intentions and housing purchase actions of the floating population in the Pearl River Delta. The results revealed that the floating population’s purchasing ability is generally lower than its willingness to settle down, and this population experiences an incomplete citizenization problem. Among the economic and human capital factors, family economic factors have become an important basis for the housing purchase actions of the floating population and may even be more important than their own economic income and education level. After the State Council implemented the “Notice of Further Promoting the Reform of the Hukou System”, the decision of whether to pass restrictions of urban hukou (household registration) acquisition threshold has played an important role in the settlement decisions of the floating population. The government should formulate settlement policies according to the characteristics of the floating population.
Yuqu Wang; Zehong Wang; Chunshan Zhou; Ying Liu; Song Liu. On the Settlement of the Floating Population in the Pearl River Delta: Understanding the Factors of Permanent Settlement Intention versus Housing Purchase Actions. Sustainability 2020, 12, 9771 .
AMA StyleYuqu Wang, Zehong Wang, Chunshan Zhou, Ying Liu, Song Liu. On the Settlement of the Floating Population in the Pearl River Delta: Understanding the Factors of Permanent Settlement Intention versus Housing Purchase Actions. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (22):9771.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYuqu Wang; Zehong Wang; Chunshan Zhou; Ying Liu; Song Liu. 2020. "On the Settlement of the Floating Population in the Pearl River Delta: Understanding the Factors of Permanent Settlement Intention versus Housing Purchase Actions." Sustainability 12, no. 22: 9771.
With the accommodative policy and rapid urbanization in China, large-scale migration of rural-to-urban peasants seeking nonagricultural employment has occurred. This has led to farmland rental, which is considered an effective means of land arrangement. Multiple variables were selected to examine the influencing factors of land rental for rural–urban peasants in China by using survey data collected in six core cities of the Pearl River Delta and a logistic regression model. This study revealed that benefits, household members, and urban living conditions and urban integration are factors that affect land rental. According to the results, improvements in working conditions, urban social insurance and urban integration, annual gross household income, and secure land ownership can promote land rental, whereas stronger hometown connections and parenting inhibit land rental. Women and youth excluded from China’s previous land allocation hold complex attitudes toward land rental, with age and sex statistically significant variables affecting land rental. We underscore the influence of family members and urban living conditions for land rental, which were ignored in earlier studies, to provide suggestions for future policy development, with an emphasis on the land rental market and redistribution of idle land.
Ying Liu; Rongrong Zhang; Ming Li; Chunshan Zhou. What Factors Influence Rural-To-Urban Migrant Peasants to Rent out Their Household Farmland? Evidence from China’s Pearl River Delta. Land 2020, 9, 418 .
AMA StyleYing Liu, Rongrong Zhang, Ming Li, Chunshan Zhou. What Factors Influence Rural-To-Urban Migrant Peasants to Rent out Their Household Farmland? Evidence from China’s Pearl River Delta. Land. 2020; 9 (11):418.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYing Liu; Rongrong Zhang; Ming Li; Chunshan Zhou. 2020. "What Factors Influence Rural-To-Urban Migrant Peasants to Rent out Their Household Farmland? Evidence from China’s Pearl River Delta." Land 9, no. 11: 418.
The Chinese government has provided various forms of assistance to the Tibet Autonomous Region and has substantially improved their facilities, which has had a positive influence on the development of tourism in Tibet. The present study investigated how assistance to Tibet (AT) coordinates with tourism development (TD) by exploring the patterns and influencing factors of AT and TD using statistical data from 74 prefectural units from 1991 to 2015. The findings led to several conclusions: (1) AT displayed strong and constant coupling interactions with TD, and the coupling coordination degree increased from moderately unbalanced development (MUD) to barely balanced development (BBD). However, the coupling coordination degree remains low (MUD) in most prefectural units; (2) in 2015, the degree of coupling coordination displayed a “core-periphery” spatial pattern (i.e., low in center and high in the periphery), which highly coincides with the patterns of AT (x) and TD (y), and should thus be improved further; and (3) both AT factors and TD factors have significant effects on the spatial differentiation of coupling coordination degree but not on the coupling degree. This study expands research on coupling coordination and AT and provides scientific guidance for further coordinating AT and TD.
Song Liu; Xia Xie; Xiaofei Zhang; Chunshan Zhou; Yonglong Cai. Coordinated Development between Assistance to Tibet and Tourism Development: Spatial Patterns and Influencing Factors. Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society 2020, 2020, 1 -13.
AMA StyleSong Liu, Xia Xie, Xiaofei Zhang, Chunshan Zhou, Yonglong Cai. Coordinated Development between Assistance to Tibet and Tourism Development: Spatial Patterns and Influencing Factors. Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society. 2020; 2020 ():1-13.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSong Liu; Xia Xie; Xiaofei Zhang; Chunshan Zhou; Yonglong Cai. 2020. "Coordinated Development between Assistance to Tibet and Tourism Development: Spatial Patterns and Influencing Factors." Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society 2020, no. : 1-13.
Improvements in migrant families’ consumption are crucial to economic development after the economic crisis. With China’s participation in economic globalization, industrial transformation and college enrolment expansion, a new type of migrant worker has emerged, skilled migrants, who have attained a college diploma or above and whose consumption behaviors differ from traditional labor migrants because education helps to improve the income and consumption structure. This study uses comparative analysis and Tobit model to examine differences in income and consumption patterns, and determinants of consumption between skilled migrant and labor migrant households. Education helps to increase income and alter consumption behaviors. The income and consumption levels of skilled migrant households are significantly higher than the levels of labor migrant households, and the propensity to consume among skilled migrant households is higher than among labor migrant households. Moreover, the consumption structure of skilled migrant households is more advanced than that of labor migrant households. Education indirectly influences consumption by influencing economic, familial, individual, settlement intention, and social security factors. These factors have different effects on skilled migrant and labor migrant household consumption. Authorities should improve the education level and social welfare system to cover migrant households, especially for low-income labor migrants, to improve their consumption.
Chunshan Zhou; Ming Li; Guojun Zhang; Yuqu Wang; Song Liu. Heterogeneity of Internal Migrant Household Consumption in Host Cities: A Comparison of Skilled Migrants and Labor Migrants in China. Sustainability 2020, 12, 7650 .
AMA StyleChunshan Zhou, Ming Li, Guojun Zhang, Yuqu Wang, Song Liu. Heterogeneity of Internal Migrant Household Consumption in Host Cities: A Comparison of Skilled Migrants and Labor Migrants in China. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (18):7650.
Chicago/Turabian StyleChunshan Zhou; Ming Li; Guojun Zhang; Yuqu Wang; Song Liu. 2020. "Heterogeneity of Internal Migrant Household Consumption in Host Cities: A Comparison of Skilled Migrants and Labor Migrants in China." Sustainability 12, no. 18: 7650.
Appropriate spatial distribution of primary and secondary schools for relocated children of migrant workers (RCMW) is extremely valuable to ensure the fair education of special groups and improve the quality of their education. This study used concentration analysis, kernel density estimation (KDE), and coefficient of variation (CV) to measure the spatial agglomeration of these children and their primary and secondary schools in the districts and counties of Liaoning Province from 2008 to 2017 based on government surveys. The results showed that the number of RCMW children in primary and secondary schools increased during the research period and the growth rate of children in primary schools was higher than that of children in junior high schools. The number of primary and secondary schools has changed very little, while the number of secondary schools has dropped sharply. The spatial distribution of RCMW and that of their primary and secondary schools were characterized by a “dual-core” distribution and a three-level (county, city, and provincial capital) gradient aggregation. In addition, kernel density evolved from a balanced distribution to polar nucleus-shaped, clustered, and discretized distributions, respectively. Specifically, the “large” and “super-large” schools were mainly concentrated in cities, showing a clustered pattern. “Medium-sized” and “small” schools were mainly distributed in counties, presenting a discretized pattern. In addition, when the CV of the number of RCMW increased, the imbalanced distribution of schools became more significant. Furthermore, the spatial differentiation of primary and secondary schools for RCMW appeared to be affected by economic development, population size, and related policies in the region.
Dahao Zhang; Chunshan Zhou; Wenwen Xu. Spatial-Temporal Characteristics of Primary and Secondary Educational Resources for Relocated Children of Migrant Workers: The Case of Liaoning Province. Complexity 2020, 2020, 1 -13.
AMA StyleDahao Zhang, Chunshan Zhou, Wenwen Xu. Spatial-Temporal Characteristics of Primary and Secondary Educational Resources for Relocated Children of Migrant Workers: The Case of Liaoning Province. Complexity. 2020; 2020 ():1-13.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDahao Zhang; Chunshan Zhou; Wenwen Xu. 2020. "Spatial-Temporal Characteristics of Primary and Secondary Educational Resources for Relocated Children of Migrant Workers: The Case of Liaoning Province." Complexity 2020, no. : 1-13.
Land supply and regional economic development are closely related. Differences in regional industrial structure and degree of urbanization result in differences in the characteristics of land supply. In this study, a Python program was used to obtain 2010–2017 land transaction data of 327 cities in China’s Land Market Network. The development stage of each city was identified according to its per capita gross domestic product and industrial structure in 2017. Land supply, at various stages of development, for state-driven construction in cities was characterized with respect to various industries. We found that with the evolution of development stage, the annual average land supply scale of the city increased from 9491.77 hectares in primary industrialization stage (PIS) to 24614.84 hectares in developed stage (DS), and the proportion of newly increased construction land decreased from 87% PIS to 24614.84 hectares in DS. Furthermore, the supply structures of state-owned construction land significantly differed across development stages. With respect to the evolution of development stages, the change of land supply proportion in various industries presents the types of gradual decline, gradual increase, initial increase and subsequent decline, initial decline and subsequent increase, and volatility. The frequency distribution of the proportion of land supply in cities allocated for various industries and across the developmental stages was different. The administrative hierarchy of cities in China has a large influence on land supply. The effects of National New-Type Urbanization Plan (NUP) and marketization on land supply were contrary to expectations. NUP has significantly promoted land supply. The higher the development stage of the city, the positive effect of marketization on land supply has not increased. The findings enrich the theory of regional land use and can guide the formulation of land supply policies in different stages of development.
Wanfu Jin; Chunshan Zhou; Guojun Zhang. Characteristics of state-owned construction land supply in Chinese cities by development stage and industry. Land Use Policy 2020, 96, 104630 .
AMA StyleWanfu Jin, Chunshan Zhou, Guojun Zhang. Characteristics of state-owned construction land supply in Chinese cities by development stage and industry. Land Use Policy. 2020; 96 ():104630.
Chicago/Turabian StyleWanfu Jin; Chunshan Zhou; Guojun Zhang. 2020. "Characteristics of state-owned construction land supply in Chinese cities by development stage and industry." Land Use Policy 96, no. : 104630.
China is the world's largest developing country and its regions vary considerably. However, spatial heterogeneity in determinants of urban expansion in prefecture-level cities have not been identified. The present study explored the spatiotemporal characteristics of Chinese urban expansion and adopted a geographically weighted regression (GWR) method to determine this spatial heterogeneity. The results indicated that China experienced massive urban expansion during 1990-2015, with urban areas growing from 4.88 × 104 km2 to 1.06 × 105 km2, 46.42% of which was distributed in the eastern region. The results of the GWR model revealed the spatial heterogeneity in the determinants of urban expansion. Marketization was vital for urban expansion and had a stronger impact in the developed eastern and southern regions than in the less-developed northern and western regions. Globalization and decentralization bi-directionally affected urban expansion. The constraining effects of physical factors were limited and stronger in the developing northern region than in the developed southern region. Identifying the varying determinants of urban expansion is essential for policy-making in various regions.
Ming Li; Guojun Zhang; Ying Liu; Yongwang Cao; Chunshan Zhou. Determinants of Urban Expansion and Spatial Heterogeneity in China. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2019, 16, 3706 .
AMA StyleMing Li, Guojun Zhang, Ying Liu, Yongwang Cao, Chunshan Zhou. Determinants of Urban Expansion and Spatial Heterogeneity in China. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2019; 16 (19):3706.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMing Li; Guojun Zhang; Ying Liu; Yongwang Cao; Chunshan Zhou. 2019. "Determinants of Urban Expansion and Spatial Heterogeneity in China." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 19: 3706.
Previous studies have rarely revealed the characteristics and influencing factors of land use transformation (LUT) in poverty-stricken areas, where multiple actions of cultivated land protection are undertaken. The land use conversion matrix and Spatial Durbin Model were used to analyze the characteristics and influence factors of LUT based on remote sensing interpretation data of Sangzhi County in 2010, 2015, and 2018. The results demonstrate the following: (1) From 2010–2018, cultivated land, forest land, waters, and urban and rural construction land in Sangzhi County increased by 4.91%, 0.03%, 58.99%, and 55.63%, respectively, and grassland decreased by 13.32%. (2) Terrain, territorial, and traffic conditions were common influence factors of the land use type conversion (i.e., forest land to cultivated land, grassland to forest land, cultivated land to forest land, grassland to cultivated land, and cultivated land to urban and rural construction land). The conversion of land use type has a negative effect on the land use type conversion of adjacent townships. Territorial and traffic conditions affect the land use type conversion of adjacent townships. The results illuminate LUT at the township scale in mountainous areas and are beneficial to promoting the sustainable use of land resources and poverty alleviation.
Wenhai Xie; Wanfu Jin; Kairui Chen; Jilin Wu; Chunshan Zhou. Land Use Transition and Its Influencing Factors in Poverty-Stricken Mountainous Areas of Sangzhi County, China. Sustainability 2019, 11, 4915 .
AMA StyleWenhai Xie, Wanfu Jin, Kairui Chen, Jilin Wu, Chunshan Zhou. Land Use Transition and Its Influencing Factors in Poverty-Stricken Mountainous Areas of Sangzhi County, China. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (18):4915.
Chicago/Turabian StyleWenhai Xie; Wanfu Jin; Kairui Chen; Jilin Wu; Chunshan Zhou. 2019. "Land Use Transition and Its Influencing Factors in Poverty-Stricken Mountainous Areas of Sangzhi County, China." Sustainability 11, no. 18: 4915.
This study investigates three types of migrant enclaves in Shenzhen and focuses on social integration from the perspective of spatial differentiation. The villages are Luofang Village, a hometown-based enclave in its increasing stage; Gongle Village, a mixed, stable enclave; and Qinghu Village, an industry-dependent enclave whose scale of migrant workers has been gradually decreasing since 2008. The findings are as follows: Luofang Village has the highest social integration level, followed by Gongle Village and Qinghu Village. Luofang Village ranks first in community integration, social relations integration, and psychological integration. Gongle Village has the highest degree of economic integration, and Qinghu Village has the highest degree of cultural integration. Social integration in Luofang Village is mainly influenced by community support, community function, age, and marital status; that in Gongle Village is mainly influenced by vocational skills, marital status, and age; and that in Qinghu Village is mainly influenced by community support and length of residence in Shenzhen. This study extends the research on differentiation in relation to the social integration of migrant workers and supplements interdisciplinary discussions on social integration. The conclusions can serve as a reference for local governments with respect to the citizenization of migrant workers.
Gao Yang; Chunshan Zhou; Wanfu Jin. Integration of migrant workers: Differentiation among three rural migrant enclaves in Shenzhen. Cities 2019, 96, 102453 .
AMA StyleGao Yang, Chunshan Zhou, Wanfu Jin. Integration of migrant workers: Differentiation among three rural migrant enclaves in Shenzhen. Cities. 2019; 96 ():102453.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGao Yang; Chunshan Zhou; Wanfu Jin. 2019. "Integration of migrant workers: Differentiation among three rural migrant enclaves in Shenzhen." Cities 96, no. : 102453.
Modernization refers to the general trend of developmental progress that occurs within human societies. We now know that global warming, a result of carbon dioxide emissions, severely threatens the sustainability of human society. It is therefore of significant theoretical and practical implications that the scientific community more thoroughly investigate the impacts of modernization on CO2 emissions. Surprisingly, only a limited number of studies have addressed this topic previously. As the world's largest developing economy and carbon emitter, China faces the dual challenge of peaking carbon emissions by 2030 while realizing basic modernization by 2035. With the purpose of identifying the implications of China's 2035 modernization goal for its 2030 emission peak goal, this study explored the effects of modernization on carbon dioxide emissions in China. Using a comprehensive indicator system, five modernization indexes—addressing industrialization, agricultural modernization, informatization, urbanization, and ecological modernization—were estimated, along with carbon dioxide emissions, for the period 1997–2016, for 30 Chinese provinces. Panel data modeling was then used to examine the impacts of the five modernization indexes on CO2 emissions in China. The results demonstrate that industrialization, agricultural modernization, informatization, and urbanization exerted positive effects on CO2 emissions during the study period, suggesting these aspects of modernization led to increased carbon dioxide emissions. A negative correlation between ecological modernization and carbon dioxide emission was identified, indicating that ecological modernization helped to abate CO2 emissions. The findings emerging from this study hold significant implications for China's policy makers in promoting decarbonization, suggesting the utility of pursuing new-type industrialization, developing organic agriculture and eco-agriculture, popularizing electronic equipment with low power dissipation, building low-carbon cities, and promoting the ecology-oriented transformation of the modernization model.
Shijie Li; Chunshan Zhou; Shaojian Wang. Does modernization affect carbon dioxide emissions? A panel data analysis. Science of The Total Environment 2019, 663, 426 -435.
AMA StyleShijie Li, Chunshan Zhou, Shaojian Wang. Does modernization affect carbon dioxide emissions? A panel data analysis. Science of The Total Environment. 2019; 663 ():426-435.
Chicago/Turabian StyleShijie Li; Chunshan Zhou; Shaojian Wang. 2019. "Does modernization affect carbon dioxide emissions? A panel data analysis." Science of The Total Environment 663, no. : 426-435.
It is of great significance to investigate the determinants of urban form for shaping sustainable urban form. Previous studies generally assumed the determinants of urban form did not vary across spatial units, without taking spatial heterogeneity into account. In order to advance the theoretical understanding of the determinants of urban form, this study attempted to examine the spatial heterogeneity in the determinants of urban form for 289 Chinese prefecture-level cities using a geographically weighted regression (GWR) method. The results revealed the spatially varying relationship between urban form and its underlying factors. Population growth was found to promote urban expansion in most Chinese cities, and decrease urban compactness in part of the Chinese cities. Cities with larger administrative areas were more likely to have dispersed urban form. Industrialization was demonstrated to have no impact on urban expansion in cities located in the eastern coastal region of China, which constitutes the country’s most developed regions. Local financial revenue was found to accelerate urban expansion and increase urban shape irregularity in many Chines cities. It was found that fixed investment exerted a bidirectional impact on urban expansion. In addition, urban road networks and public transit were also identified as the determinants of urban form for some cities, which supported the complex urban systems (CUS) theory. The policy implications emerging from this study lies in shaping sustainable urban form for China’s decision makers and urban planners.
Shijie Li; Chunshan Zhou; Shaojian Wang; Shuang Gao; Zhitao Liu. Spatial Heterogeneity in the Determinants of Urban Form: An Analysis of Chinese Cities with a GWR Approach. Sustainability 2019, 11, 479 .
AMA StyleShijie Li, Chunshan Zhou, Shaojian Wang, Shuang Gao, Zhitao Liu. Spatial Heterogeneity in the Determinants of Urban Form: An Analysis of Chinese Cities with a GWR Approach. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (2):479.
Chicago/Turabian StyleShijie Li; Chunshan Zhou; Shaojian Wang; Shuang Gao; Zhitao Liu. 2019. "Spatial Heterogeneity in the Determinants of Urban Form: An Analysis of Chinese Cities with a GWR Approach." Sustainability 11, no. 2: 479.
Numerous studies have explored the drivers and consequences of the expansion of urban areas. However, limited research has been conducted on the land development of cities based on the different developmental stages. Therefore, using land transaction records obtained by Python in the land market of China during the 2011–2015 period, this study explores the factors affecting the land development process in 289 cities at five different stages of economic development. The development stages are identified by combing per capita GDP and the industrial structure in the 289 cities in 2015. The stages of economic development are the primary production stage (PPS), primary industrialization stage (PIS), middle industrialization stage (MIS), later industrialization stage (LIS), and developed stage (DS). The results reveal that with the advance of regional development stage, the scale of land development increases. We also find that, in general, the proportions of residential and public management-service land development projects increases, whereas the proportion of transportation land development projects decreases. The proportions of industrial-mining-warehouse land development projects first increases and then decreases, and there is no significant change in the proportion of land used for commercial land development projects. Regression analyses of panel data indicate that various factors have different effects on land development at five developmental stages, although the positive effects of domestic fixed asset investment on land development are always strongest. The results can contribute to our understanding of land development patterns in different stages of development and local governments in China, and thus to the formulation of reasonable annual land development plans.
Jin Wanfu; Zhou Chunshan; Liu Tao; Zhang Guojun. Exploring the factors affecting regional land development patterns at different developmental stages: Evidence from 289 Chinese cities. Cities 2018, 91, 193 -201.
AMA StyleJin Wanfu, Zhou Chunshan, Liu Tao, Zhang Guojun. Exploring the factors affecting regional land development patterns at different developmental stages: Evidence from 289 Chinese cities. Cities. 2018; 91 ():193-201.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJin Wanfu; Zhou Chunshan; Liu Tao; Zhang Guojun. 2018. "Exploring the factors affecting regional land development patterns at different developmental stages: Evidence from 289 Chinese cities." Cities 91, no. : 193-201.
China’s urban agglomerations contribute 64 percent to China’s energy-related CO2 emissions and thus play a vital role in determining the future of climate change. There is little information available about city-level energy consumption and CO2 emissions; thus, we employ spatiotemporal modeling using Defense Meteorological Satellite Program/Operational Line-scan System (DMSP/OLS) nighttime light imagery. Our findings show that such agglomerations have in fact experienced a remarkable decline in CO2 emission intensity—from 0.43 t/thousand yuan to 0.20 t/thousand yuan between 1995 and 2013, which constitutes an average annual decline of 4.34 percent. Despite still very high CO2 intensities in western China, a convergence of CO2 intensities across the country has occurred over the last few decades. Using panel regression modeling, we analyze differences in the decline of CO2 emission intensities due to regional differences in socioeconomic variables such as economic growth, population, economic structure, population density, and characteristics of urbanization. Factors that have hampered the decline of CO2 intensities are the ongoing industrialization that demands the increase in the production of heavy industry, in infrastructure investment, and in housing stock. Key Words: CO2 emission intensity, nighttime light imagery, spatiotemporal modeling, urban agglomerations. 中国的城市集聚, 生产了中国与能源相关的二氧化碳排放的百分之六十四, 因此在决定气候变迁的未来方面扮演了重要角色。但城市层级的能源消耗和二氧化碳排放的可及信息却相当稀少;因此我们运用时空模式化, 该模式化使用防卫气象卫星计画/线形扫描系统(DMSP/OLS)的夜间光影像。我们的研究发现显示, 这些集聚其实经历了二氧化碳排放密集度的明显减少——从1995年的0.43吨/千元到2013年的0.2吨/千元, 每年平均降低百分之四点三四。尽管中国西部的二氧化碳密度仍相当高, 过去数十年来仍发生了全国二氧化碳密度的聚合。我们运用面板迴归模型, 分析因诸如经济成长、人口、经济结构、人口密度与城市化特徵等社会经济变因的区域差异所导致的二氧化碳排放密度降低的差异。阻碍二氧化碳密度降低的因素是需要增加重工业生产、基础建设投资以及房地产需求的持续工业化。 关键词:二氧化碳排放密度, 夜间光影像, 时空模式化, 城市集聚。 Las aglomeraciones urbanas de China contribuyen el 64 por ciento de las emisiones chinas de CO2 relacionadas con energía, para así desempeñar un papel vital en la determinación futura del cambio climático. Hay poca información disponible acerca del consumo de energía a nivel de ciudad y de las emisiones de CO2; entonces, empleamos modelado espaciotemporal usando imágenes de luminosidad nocturna del Programa Satelital Meteorológico de la Defensa/Sistema Operacional de Escaneo en Línea (DMSP/OLS). Nuestros hallazgos muestran que de hecho tales aglomeraciones han experimentado una notable disminución en la intensidad de la emisión de CO2 ––de 0.43t/miles de yuanes a 0.20t/miles yuanes entre 1995 y 2013, lo cual constituye una declinación promedio anual de 4.34 por ciento. Pese a las intensidades de CO2 en China occidental todavía demasiado altas, una convergencia de intensidades del CO2 a través del país ha ocurrido durante las pasadas pocas décadas. Usando modelado de regresión de panel, analizamos las diferencias de la declinación de las intensidades en la emisión de CO2 debidas a diferencias regionales en variables socioeconómicas tales como crecimiento económico, población, estructura económica, densidad de población y características de la urbanización. Los factores que han dificultado la declinación en las intensidades del CO2 son la industrialización en marcha que demanda incremento en la producción de la industria pesada, en inversiones para infraestructura y en el inventario de vivienda.
Shaojian Wang; Chuanglin Fang; Laixiang Sun; Yongxian Su; Xiuzhi Chen; Chunshan Zhou; Kuishuang Feng; Klaus Hubacek. Decarbonizing China’s Urban Agglomerations. Annals of the American Association of Geographers 2018, 109, 266 -285.
AMA StyleShaojian Wang, Chuanglin Fang, Laixiang Sun, Yongxian Su, Xiuzhi Chen, Chunshan Zhou, Kuishuang Feng, Klaus Hubacek. Decarbonizing China’s Urban Agglomerations. Annals of the American Association of Geographers. 2018; 109 (1):266-285.
Chicago/Turabian StyleShaojian Wang; Chuanglin Fang; Laixiang Sun; Yongxian Su; Xiuzhi Chen; Chunshan Zhou; Kuishuang Feng; Klaus Hubacek. 2018. "Decarbonizing China’s Urban Agglomerations." Annals of the American Association of Geographers 109, no. 1: 266-285.