This study aimed to evaluate the awareness, usage habits, ethical perceptions, and future expectations of orthopedic and traumatology residents of Türkiye regarding artificial intelligence (AI) technologies. A multicenter cross-sectional descriptive survey was conducted among orthopedic and traumatology residents across Türkiye between July and October 2025. Data were collected using a validated 30-item online questionnaire covering demographics, AI use and awareness, theoretical education and academic utilization, ethical perceptions, and future expectations. Descriptive statistical analyses were performed using frequencies and percentages, and the data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics version 30.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk). A total of 534 residents participated (96.6% male; mean age: 29.36 ± 4.93 years; mean residency year: 2.81 ± 1.36). Most participants (71.9%) had not received formal AI training, and half reported rarely or never using AI in daily clinical practice. In contrast, 56.2% reported using AI in academic studies, primarily for literature searches (55.1%), summarization (46.1%), and draft preparations (37.1%). Ethical concerns were prominent: 62.5% believed that AI could generate inaccurate information, and 44.9% emphasized plagiarism risk. Despite these concerns, 67% anticipated increased AI use in orthopedics, particularly in academic research, surgical planning, and data analysis. While AI tools are increasingly utilized in academic work, their clinical adoption among orthopedic residents remains limited. Structured AI-based training modules and ethical frameworks are essential for improving residents’ competence, confidence, and responsible use of AI in orthopedic education and practice.

Purpose: To compare the effects of postoperative splint immobilization versus early mobilization on 1-year radiological and functional outcomes in pediatric diaphyseal both-bone forearm fractures treated with elastic stable intramedullary nailing (ESIN). Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on 124 children (6–14 years) who underwent ESIN for closed mid-diaphyseal radius–ulna fractures between January 2018 and December 2023. Patients were divided into splint ( n = 64) and non-splint ( n = 60) groups according to postoperative protocol. Radiological healing was evaluated using the Lane–Sandhu score at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months, and functional outcomes using the Price classification at 3, 6, and 12 months. Results: Baseline characteristics were comparable. At the third month, radiological scores were slightly higher in the splint group, while functional results favored early mobilization, though differences were not statistically significant. By the 6th and 12th months, complete union and excellent functional recovery were achieved in all patients, with no significant intergroup differences ( p > 0.05). Conclusions: Early mobilization following ESIN is feasible and does not delay bone healing or impair function. Routine splinting may be unnecessary, and postoperative care can be tailored to the patient and fracture characteristics. Moreover, our findings demonstrate that when ESIN principles are properly applied, splint use in appropriately selected patients does not lead to any long-term functional deficit, and excellent outcomes can still be expected.

Acute septic arthritis is an orthopedic emergency that requires rapid diagnosis and treatment to prevent serious complications, morbidity, and mortality. Delayed or inadequate treatment can lead to irreversible joint damage. Risk factors for septic arthritis include previous joint pathologies like rheumatoid arthritis and crystal arthropathy, joint prostheses, low socioeconomic status, and diabetes. Given the increasing frequency of cases of septic arthritis infected with resistant and rare microorganisms, knowing regional epidemiological data is important and necessary for planning treatment approaches. The aim of this article is to present a case of bilateral knee septic arthritis caused by Bacillus spp. as a pathogen. The blood parameters and joint fluid culture of the patient led to the diagnosis of bilateral septic arthritis. In the differential diagnosis of a hot and swollen joint, especially in the presence of risk factors, septic arthritis should be considered until ruled out. It should not be forgotten that opportunistic pathogens can also cause septic arthritis.

This study compares the clinical and radiological outcomes of volar plating alone and combined volar and radial column plating in the management of Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Osteosynthesefragen (AO) type C2–C3 distal radius fractures. This retrospective cohort study included 80 patients with AO type C2–C3 distal radius fractures who were treated with either single volar plating (n = 50) or combined volar and radial column plating (n = 30). The patients were followed up for a minimum of 2 years. Outcome measures included the Patient-Rated Wrist Evaluation score, wrist range of motion, radiological parameters (radial height, inclination, volar tilt, ulnar variance), and pinch strength. Patients treated with dual plating demonstrated significantly better Patient-Rated Wrist Evaluation scores at all follow-up points ( P < .05) as well as improved radial height, inclination, volar tilt, wrist flexion, and grip strength. Pronation values were more favorable in the single-plating group across all follow-up time points, while supination values differed only at the 6-month assessment; overall function and radiological alignment otherwise appeared more favorable in the dual-plating group. In AO type C distal radius fractures with radial styloid involvement or severe comminution, dual plate fixation demonstrated improved functional recovery and maintenance of radiographic alignment. Supplementary radial column fixation may therefore represent an effective treatment strategy for these challenging fracture patterns, warranting further prospective investigation.

Posterior sternoclavicular joint (SCJ) dislocation is an uncommon but clinically significant injury due to its proximity to vital mediastinal structures and delayed or missed diagnosis is not unusual as symptoms may be nonspecific and plain radiographs can appear normal. Surgical stabilization is typically recommended when posterior displacement results in persistent symptoms or a risk to mediastinal anatomy. We report a 32‐year‐old recreational futsal player with posterior SCJ dislocation who presented with shoulder pain, dyspnea, and mild dysphagia following a posterolateral impact, with imaging confirming the diagnosis. Open reduction and figure‐of‐eight reconstruction using a palmaris longus autograft was performed, and tunnel placement was controlled using an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tibial guide to reduce the risk of posterior cortical breach and mediastinal injury. Respiratory and swallowing symptoms resolved immediately postoperatively, and at 12 months the patient demonstrated full pain‐free shoulder function and radiographic joint stability without recurrence, suggesting that this technique may offer a safe and durable option for managing posterior SCJ dislocation.

UNSTRUCTURED ABSTRACT Background: This study aimed to evaluate the success of the Chat GPT according to the Turkish Board of Orthopedic Surgery Examination Methods Among the written exam questions prepared by TOTEK between 2021 and 2023, questions asking visual information like that in the literature and canceled questions were not included, and all other questions were taken into consideration. The questions were divided into 19 categories according to topic. The questions were divided into 3 categories according to the methods of evaluating information: direct recall of information, ability to comment and ability to use information correctly. Questions were asked separately about the Chat GPT 3.5 and 4.0 artificial intelligence applications. All answers given were evaluated appropriately according to this grouping. Visual questions were not asked to the Chat GPT due to its inability to perceive visual questions. Only questions answered by the application with the correct choice and explanation were accepted as correct answers. Questions that were answered incorrectly by the Chat GPT were considered incorrect. Results We eliminated 300 visual questions in total and asked the remaining 265 multiple-choice questions about the Chat GPT. A total of 95 (35%) of 265 questions were answered correctly, and 169 (63%) were answered incorrectly. It was also seen that he could not answer 1 question. The exam success rate was greater for the Chat GPT group than for the control group, especially for the infection questions (67%). The descriptive findings are shown in Table 3, which shows that both artificial intelligence models can be effective at different levels on various issues, but predominantly, GPT 4 performs better. Conclusion Our study showed that although the Chat GPT could not reach the level of passing the Turkish Orthopedics and Traumatology Proficiency Exam, it could reach a certain level of accuracy. Software such as the Chat GPT needs to be developed and studied further to be useful for orthopedics and traumatology physicians, where the evaluation of radiological images and physical examination are very important.