O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o potencial de práticas culturais, adotadas na entressafra, para reduzir a população e os danos causados por Pratylenchus brachyurus em soja. Realizou-se um experimento em área naturalmente infestada, nas safras 2010/2011, 2011/2012 e 2012/2013, em Vera, MT. Os tratamentos foram: milheto (Pennisetum glaucum) 'ADR 7010' (2010/2011) e 'ADR 300' (nas entressafras seguintes); milho (Zea mays) 'BRS 1010' (2010/2011) e 'GNZ 2005' (nas entressafras seguintes); braquiária ruziziensis (Urochloa ruziziensis); capim-marandu (U. brizantha 'Marandu'); crotalária (Crotalaria ochroleuca); C. juncea; C. spectabilis; C. spectabilis + milheto 'ADR 300' (de 2011/2012 em diante); alqueive mecânico (duas gradagens + herbicida); pousio (sem controle de ervas daninhas); e testemunha (alqueive químico, com aplicação de herbicida). O alqueive mecânico, as crotalárias e C. spectabilis + milheto reduziram a população do nematoide antes da semeadura e nos estádios iniciais da soja. Após a colheita da soja, a população de nematoides não diferiu entre os tratamentos, o que indica que a multiplicação destes na cultura foi maior nos manejos com menor população inicial. O uso de C. spectabilis, milheto e C. spectabilis + milheto contribuíram para as maiores produtividades de soja. O cultivo de C. spectabilis, solteira ou consorciada ao milheto 'ADR 300', é a melhor opção para reduzir a população e os danos causados por P. brachyurus à soja na entressafra.

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of roots and straw of palisade grass (Urochloa brizantha) and Ruzi grass (U. ruziziensis), used as cover crops in autumn-winter, on soybean performance. Seven treatments were evaluated in a randomized complete block design, with four replicates: fallow, during autumn-winter; straw of U. ruziziensis or U. brizantha 'BRS Piatã', distributed in plots kept under fallow in the winter, without roots; plots only with roots of U. ruziziensis or U. brizantha, without straw; and plots with straw and roots of U. ruziziensis or U. brizantha. The grass species were planted during the 2014/2015 crop season, and treatments were evaluated at the end of the 2015/2016 crop season, without drought during the soybean cycle. The oil and protein contents of soybean grains were not affected significantly by the treatments. However, the cultivation of grass species during autumn-winter increased soybean grain yield in comparison with fallow. Grass root effects are more expressive than those of straw. The combined presence of roots and straw confers a better performance to soybean than the isolated presence of roots or straw.

Soil compaction caused by machinery traffic reduces crop yields. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of intensive traffic, and the soil water content, on the soil penetration resistance (PR) of a Rhodic Eutrudox (Distroferric Red Latosol, Brazilian Classification), managed under no-tillage (NT). The experiment consisted of six treatments: NT with recent chiseling, NT without additional compaction, and NT with additional compaction by 4, 8, 10 and 20 passes of a harvester with a weight of 100 kN (70 kN on the front axle). Undisturbed soil samples were collected at 5.5-10.5 cm and 13.5-18.5 cm depth to quantify the soil bulk density (BD). The PR was assessed in four periods, using an impact penetrometer, inserted in the soil to a depth of 46 cm. The effect of traffic intensities on the PR was small when this variable was assessed with the soil in the plastic consistency. Differences in PR among treatments increased as the soil water content decreased. The increase in the values of PR and BD was higher in the first passes, but the increase in the number of traffics resulted in deeper soil compaction. The machinery traffic effects on PR are better characterized in the friable soil consistency.

The integrated crop- livestock-forest system can enhance the production of soybeans, meat and wood in regions characterized by sandy soils and warm climate. The aim of this study was to evaluate the yield of soybean, Urochloa ruziziensis grass and eucalyptus in an integrated system during the first four years after the establishment of eucalyptus in the northwestern region of Paraná state, Brazil. The experiment was established in October 2009, using soybean (summer) -U. ruziziensis (autumn/winter) succession between single rows of Corymbia maculata (eucalyptus species). The spacing between tree rows and eucalyptus plants in the row were 14 and 4.2 m, respectively. Adjacent plots had the same soybean-U. ruziziensis succession, but without eucalyptus. The spatial variability of soybean grain yields and grass shoot dry matter production was evaluated with and without trees, and the data was analyzed using geostatistics, with the results expressed as spatial variability maps. The tree component did not significantly affect soybean yield in the first two growing seasons. In the 3rd and 4th growing season (2011/12 and 2012/13), the interference of eucalyptus reduced the soybean grain yield by 2.9 and 27.0%, respectively, and the effect was stronger close to the tree rows. In July 2012, the tree component reduced the shoot dry matter productivity of U. ruziziensis by 29.2%. At 19 and 35 months after eucalyptus planting, the cumulative wood volume production was 0.73 and 5.17 m³ ha-1, respectively