Background: Taxifolin (TXF) is a flavonoid found abundantly in citrus/onion. Encouraging results on its renoprotective effect have been reported in a limited number of drug-induced nephrotoxicity animal models. The present study aimed to evaluate for the first time the potential renoprotective effects of TXF in a paracetamol (PAR)-induced nephrotoxicity rat model. Methods: Rats were divided into three equal groups (n = 6 animals per group). Group 1 (PAR group, PARG) received PAR diluted in normal saline by gavage (1000 mg/kg). Group 2 (TXF group, TXFG) received TXF diluted in normal saline by gavage (50 mg/kg) one hour after PAR administration. Group 3 (control group, CG) received normal saline. Twenty-four hours after PAR administration, all animals were sacrificed using high-dose anesthesia. Blood samples were collected and kidneys were removed. Results: The serum blood urea nitrogen, creatinine levels and serum malondialdehyde levels were significantly increased in the PARG. The serum glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase and total glutathione levels were significantly higher in the TXFG. At the same time, the kidneys of the PARG animals demonstrated tubular epithelium swelling, distension and severe vacuolar degeneration. The kidneys of the TXFG animals showed mildly dilated/congested blood vessels. Conclusions: The TXF renoprotective effects are promising in preventing PAR-induced nephrotoxicity, mainly through antioxidant activity, and warrant further testing in future studies.

Introduction: Diagnostic discrimination between acute appendicitis (AA) and mesenteric lymphadenitis (AML) may require more diagnostic tests or great skill after excluding other diagnoses. This study aimed to make a differential diagnosis between AA and AML patients with previous and new parameters and to examine which parameters should be taken into account regarding whether the AML patient should be hospitalized or discharged. Material and methods: One hundred and twenty-three AML and 134 AA patients, randomly selected, were included in the study. Demographic, clinical, and laboratory data of all subjects were analyzed. Ultrasonographic and rarely computed tomography examinations evaluating for the enlarged lymph nodes with the shortest diameter in the right lower quadrant of the AML patients were performed. Also, the erect abdominal radiographs (EAR) of AML and AA patients were evaluated. Results: While there was no statistically significant difference in age or gender, C-reactive protein, white blood cell count, monocyte percentage as well as symptoms between the AA and AML groups (p > 0.05), neutrophil and lymphocyte percentage, appearance of EAR and L/M ratio were significantly different between the two groups (p < 0.05). There was no correlation between the short-axis diameter of the mesenteric lymph node and clinical and laboratory findings in the AML group (p > 0.05). Conclusions: Based on the results with ROC curve analysis, we propose to take into account the L/M ratio and the EAR from the parameters in the differential diagnosis between AA and AML in addition to previously reported parameters. Also, we recommend that the same features may be used to decide whether AML patients under observation are hospitalized or not.

AIM: This study aimed to determine the effect of multidimensional training program on children with constipation and fecal incontinence and their mothers on anxiety and their constipation management. METHOD: The study had an experimental design with a pretest-posttest control group. The intervention group consisted of children diagnosed with functional constipation (n=20) and fecal incontinence (n=21) and their mothers in the Pediatric Surgery Clinic. The control group consisted of healthy (n=20) children who applied to two different Family Health Centers for any reason. Data were collected between February 2016 and June 2017 using a descriptive questionnaire, a nutrient consumption frequency form, the Rome III diagnostic criteria form, and the Trait Anxiety Scale for Children. RESULTS: After the training program, the mean score of the Trait Anxiety Scale for Children decreased in both intervention groups (p<0.01) and increased in the control group (p<0.05). In addition, the frequency of the consumption of milk, caffeinated drinks, and white bread was reduced in the children of both intervention groups after the training program. The consumption of dried legumes, vegetables, and whole wheat bread increased. According to the Rome III diagnostic criteria, it was determined that constipation symptoms were not observed in 50% of the children. CONCLUSION: The training program had a significant influence on the prevention and management of constipation and anxiety. Given that constipation is associated with both physical and mental health outcomes, the approach for the treatment should be holistic in nature, involving a multidisciplinary team. Fonksiyonel Kabızlığı ve Fekal İnkontinansı Olan Çocuklara ve Annelerine Verilen Eğitimin Anksiyete ve Kabızlık Yönetimi Üzerine Etkisi AMAÇ: Bu araştırma fonksiyonel kabızlığı ve fekal inkontinansı olan çocuklara ve annelerine verilen eğitimin anksiyete ve kabızlık yönetimi üzerine etkisini belirlemek amacı ile yapılmıştır. YÖNTEM: Araştırma öntest-sontest kontrol gruplu deneysel tasarımda yürütülmüştür. Girişim grubunu Çocuk Cerrahisi Polikliniğinde fonksiyonel kabızlık (n=20) ile fonksiyonel kabızlık ve fekal inkontinans (n=21) tanısı konulan çocuklar ve anneleri oluşturmuştur. Kontrol grubu ise iki farklı Aile Sağlığı Merkezine herhangi bir nedenle başvuran sağlıklı (n=20) çocuklardan oluşmuştur. Araştırmanın verileri Şubat 2016-Haziran 2017 tarihleri arasında Tanımlayıcı Soru Formu, Besin Tüketim Sıklığı Formu, Rome III Tanı Ölçütleri Formu ve Çocuklar İçin Sürekli Kaygı Ölçeği ile toplanmıştır. BULGULAR: Eğitim programından sonra her iki girişim grubu Sürekli Kaygı Ölçeği puan ortalamasında azalma (p<0,01), kontrol grubunda ise artma saptanmıştır (p<0,05). Ayrıca eğitim programından sonra her iki girişim grubu çocukların süt, kafeinli içecekler ve beyaz ekmek tüketimi sıklığında azalma, kurubaklagil, sebze ve tam buğday ekmeği tüketimi sıklığında ise artma belirlenmiştir. Rome III tanı ölçütlerine göre çocukların %50’sinde kabızlık belirtileri görülmemiştir. SONUÇ: Eğitim programının fonksiyonel kabızlık ile fonksiyonel kabızlık ve fekal inkontinansı olan çocuklarda kabızlığın önlenmesi, yönetimi ve anksiyete üzerine önemli etkisinin olduğu belirlenmiştir. Fiziksel ve ruhsal sağlık sonuçlarıyla ilişkili olan kabızlığın tedavisi çok alanlı ekip anlayışı ve bütüncül yaklaşım ile yapılmalıdır. Cite this article as: Yıldırım, A., Biçer, Ş., Hacıhasanoğlu-Aşılar, R., Özdamar, M. Y., Şahin, H., Gül, V. (2020). The effect of multidimensional training program to children with functional constipation and fecal incontinence on children’s and their mothers’ anxiety and constipation management. Florence Nightingale Journal of Nursing, 28(3), 321-332.

Previous studies of undescended testis (UT) has focused on insulin-like hormone 3 (INSL3), the genitofemoral nerve, and androgens in the testicular descent. Leydig cells, which are under the control of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF1), produce both androgens and INSL3. We aimed to investigate whether insulin-like growth factor receptor-1(IGFR1) exists in the cremaster muscle (CM) complex and is associated with normally descended testis as well as UT cases in humans. We studied 30 CM from 15 patients who comprised the UT group (UTG), and 15 patients with unilateral testicular torsion (Control group; CG). Muscles, nerves, and vessels within the CM specimen were examined to determine the presence of IGFR1. The mean staining score (MSS) of IGFR1 in CM and its nerves were higher in the CG than in the UTG. These results were statistically significant (p = 0.01 and p = 0.02). Although the MSS of IGF1R was higher in the vessels of CM in the CG than the UTG, this was not statistically significant (p = 0.48). IGFR1 with heterotetrameric receptor via IGF1, IGF2, insulin, and probably androgen, contribute to the remodeling and development of CM as well as the testis descent. In the current study, the presence of the IGFR1 in the CM was shown. Additionally, the IGFR1 density of the CM was lower in the UT cases than in the CG cases. Further evaluation of IGFR1 and other etiological factors can elucidate how they interact.