The reuse of heavy-metal hyperaccumulator waste has emerged as a critical constraint in the implementation of phytoremediation to control heavy-metal pollution. Ramie (Boehmeria nivea) is a wellestablished arsenic (As) hyperaccumulator that has been widely used in the remediation of As-contaminated sites in recent years. To facilitate multipurpose development and the recycling of ramie straw contaminated with heavy metals, a study investigated the preparation of hydrochar (HC) at different temperatures and assessed the feasibility of reintroducing the HC into the soil. The results indicated higher yields, increased nutrient contents, and reduced As percentage levels at a hydrothermal carbonization temperature of 240℃. Treatment with a 300 mmol/L sodium hydroxide solution resulted in the removal of As from HC, ranging from 77.06% to 87.60%, effectively facilitating the reuse of HC. The application of alkali-modification HC in As-contaminated soil not only enhances soil properties but also augments the potential population of dominant microorganisms that promote soil arsenic mobilization, thereby improving arsenic mobilization capacity in mining soil. This study offers a viable strategy for enhancing the phytoremediation efficiency of As-contaminated soil and establishing a recycling system for As hyperaccumulator resources in the future.

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are crucial regulators in eukaryotic organisms, yet their roles in filamentous fungi, particularly in environmental adaptation and metabolic changes, remain largely unexplored. Here, we investigated the roles of lncRNAs in salt stress response, morphological differentiation, and metabolic regulation in Eurotium cristatum. Using strand-specific RNA sequencing, we identified lncRNAs in sexual and asexual mycelia of E. cristatum and analyzed their expression profiles. We identified 203 lncRNAs, with 120 significantly differentially expressed (FDR < 0.01; |log₂ (fold change)| ≥ 1) under salt stress, including 57 upregulated and 63 downregulated in the asexual morph compared to the sexual morph. These lncRNAs correlated with physiological indicators like mycelial biomass, polysaccharide content, and melanin production. Target gene prediction and functional enrichment analysis revealed that these lncRNAs influenced morphogenesis and secondary metabolite synthesis in E. cristatum by regulating pathways including carbohydrate metabolism, peroxisome function, and protein ubiquitination. The lncRNA MSTRG.10627.3 showed the highest upregulation (log₂FC = 10.53, FDR < 1 × 10⁻¹⁰⁵), while MSTRG.3124.1 was significantly downregulated in the sexual morph (log₂FC = −4.94, FDR < 1 × 10⁻⁸⁸). A regulatory network of lncRNAs involved in salt stress responses was constructed, providing insights into fungal environmental adaptation mechanisms and potential targets for industrial strain improvement.

Anhua dark tea, a protected geographical indication product in Hunan, China, derives its value from specific mountain micro-terroirs, including Furongshan, Gaoma Erxi, and Yuntaishan. Across these areas, micro-terroir and cultivar variations impart distinctive chemical components to the decisive raw material (locally known as Hei Mao Cha). For the authentication of these specific origins, we developed a rapid HPLC-DAD method coupled with the ATLD algorithm, enabling the quantification of caffeine and seven major flavan-3-ols within five minutes. Our method achieved satisfactory accuracy, with average recoveries of 84.73–119.88% and RMSEP values ranging from 0.28 to 4.39 μg/mL. We subsequently applied PCA and FCA, which revealed distinct clustering patterns of the tea samples by their mountain origin. Notably, Furongshan and Gaoma Erxi exhibited markedly distinct chemical profiles, while Yuntaishan showed intermediate characteristics. This integrated HPLC-DAD/ATLD protocol, coupled with non-linear t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding (t-SNE) followed by random forest (RF) classification (validation accuracy: 85.7%), offers a practical solution for the fine-scale geographical traceability of raw dark tea, supporting quality control and providing insights into how micro-terroir shapes tea chemistry. This approach can be readily adapted for the authentication of other geographical indication products.