Trichoderma hamatum (Bonord.) Bainier (T. hamatum) belongs to Hypocreaceae family, Trichoderma genus. Trichoderma spp. are prominently known for their biocontrol activities and plant growth promotion. Hence, T. hamatum also possess several beneficial activities, such as antimicrobial activity, antioxidant activity, insecticidal activity, herbicidal activity, and plant growth promotion; in addition, it holds several other beneficial properties, such as resistance to dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and degradation of DDT by certain enzymes and production of certain polysaccharide-degrading enzymes. Hence, the current review discusses the beneficial properties of T. hamatum and describes the gaps that need to be further considered in future studies, such as T. hamatum’s potentiality against human pathogens and, in contrast, its role as an opportunistic human pathogen. Moreover, there is a need for substantial study on its antiviral and antioxidant activities.

Trametes sanguinea belongs to the polyporaceae family and it is a white rot medicinal fungus. In the present study, pure mycelium of Trametes sanguinea ZHSJ (T. sanguinea ZHSJ) was obtained from the fruiting body of wild basidiomycetes by tissue separation method, and its growth conditions were optimized in vitro. The results exhibited the optimal growth of T. sanguinea ZHSJ at pH 5, temperature 30 ℃ with the carbon source maltose 20 g/L and nitrogen source yeast extract 4 g/L. LC-MS based untargeted metabolomic studies revealed there are 6715 metabolites in both positive and negative ion mode detection of spores (SP), mycelium (MY) and fruiting body (MU). However, principal component analysis (PCA) represented PC1 67.10% and PC2 24.60% metabolite variance among SP, MY and MU. Further, metabolite cluster and Variable projection importance (VIP) analysis has represented differential upregulated and down regulated metabolites with p value < 0.05 and VIP ≥ 1 significance. Moreover, KEGG pathway enrichment analysis represented SP vs. MY and SP vs. MY major metabolites 23 and 31 involved in biosynthesis of co-factors and MY vs. MU major metabolites involved in diterpenoid biosynthesis. Hence, current study reveals that the morphological stages of T. sanguinea ZHSJ possess several variations in their metabolites and this is the first study to reveal the optimization of T. sanguinea spores and their metabolites comparison with mycelium and fruiting body through LC-MS based untargeted metabolomics. Further research on the biological activity of these differential metabolites of T. sanguinea spores would way a path in identification of novel medicinally important compounds.