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Teodoro Marañón
Institute of Natural Resources and Agrobiology of Seville (IRNAS, CSIC) Seville Spain

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Research article
Published: 07 February 2021 in Journal of Ecology
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Many studies have quantified the functional variation of fine root traits to understand the overarching trade‐off between maximizing resource acquisition or conservation (root economics spectrum [RES]). However, we know remarkably less on how plant strategies along the RES are actually constrained by the amount of photosynthates required to construct roots (i.e. construction costs, CC) or how below‐ground interactions with symbiotic organisms modify root trait patterns and their relationships with CC. Our main aim was to quantify CC of fine roots (<2 mm) and their underlying components (carbon, minerals and organic nitrogen concentrations) in 60 Mediterranean woody species with contrasting symbiotic association types (ectomycorrhizas, arbuscular and ericoid mycorrhizas and N‐fixing bacteria). We examined (a) whether the covariation among fine root traits along the RES was related to the intrinsic cost of producing roots and whether this relationship was dependent on the type of root symbiosis; (b) whether the relationship of each CC component with the RES was dependent on the type of root symbiosis and (c) whether soil water and nutrient availability determined differences in CC across sites. According to the RES hypothesis, fine root traits showed a main covariation trend (acquisition vs. conservation), defined by the first PCA axis, which also segregated species by their two main contrasting symbiotic types (arbuscular and ectomycorrhizal). We found a positive relationship between root CC and the RES (i.e. PCA axis 1) and, interestingly, slopes differed among symbiotic types, in response to the different role of each specific CC component. In addition, independently of symbiotic type, root CC decreased linearly with soil nutrient availability and quadratically with plant water availability. Synthesis. Our study demonstrates that woody plants display different functional strategies in their root CC, related with their position on the RES, and that CC differ among symbiotic groups. The influence of the root CC components across species varied among symbiotic associations, pointing to a trade‐off between structural and metabolic compounds. Root CC were also strongly modulated by soil resource availability (nutrients and water). This study highlights that root CC are fundamental to better understand below‐ground resource‐use strategies.

ACS Style

Enrique G. de la Riva; Iván Prieto; Teodoro Marañón; Ignacio M. Pérez‐Ramos; Manuel Olmo; Rafael Villar. Root economics spectrum and construction costs in Mediterranean woody plants: The role of symbiotic associations and the environment. Journal of Ecology 2021, 109, 1873 -1885.

AMA Style

Enrique G. de la Riva, Iván Prieto, Teodoro Marañón, Ignacio M. Pérez‐Ramos, Manuel Olmo, Rafael Villar. Root economics spectrum and construction costs in Mediterranean woody plants: The role of symbiotic associations and the environment. Journal of Ecology. 2021; 109 (4):1873-1885.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Enrique G. de la Riva; Iván Prieto; Teodoro Marañón; Ignacio M. Pérez‐Ramos; Manuel Olmo; Rafael Villar. 2021. "Root economics spectrum and construction costs in Mediterranean woody plants: The role of symbiotic associations and the environment." Journal of Ecology 109, no. 4: 1873-1885.

Regular article
Published: 26 March 2020 in Plant and Soil
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Root functions are multiple and essential for the growth and survival of terrestrial plants. The aim of this work was to analyse the main trends in the variation of root traits, their coordination with leaf traits and their relationships with soil conditions. We measured the variation of 27 fine root traits (five morphological, 20 chemical and two isotopic signatures) in trees of seven species of a mixed plantation in a metal-contaminated and remediated site of Southern Spain. We found evidences supporting the existence of a root economics spectrum (RES). However, other dimensions were identified as being independent of the main RES: mainly the variation in the carbon concentration, the accumulation of trace elements associated with tolerance of metal-rich soils, and the fractionation of δ15N as a time-integrated trait of mycorrhizal-mediated nutrition. In general, roots and leaves were functionally coordinated, although most of the trace elements showed strong root-leaf discordance. The soil conditions interacted with the fine root traits in feedback processes. The ability of tree roots to accumulate trace elements and to reduce their translocation to leaves is a desirable trait for the phytoremediation of metal-contaminated soils. Roots are multifunctional. Understanding the variations in the root traits of trees will help us to predict both the responses of forests to global changes, including soil contamination, and the provision of soil-based ecosystem services.

ACS Style

Teodoro Marañón; Carmen M. Navarro-Fernández; Marta Gil-Martínez; Maria T. Dominguez; Paula Madejón; Rafael Villar. Variation in morphological and chemical traits of Mediterranean tree roots: linkage with leaf traits and soil conditions. Plant and Soil 2020, 449, 389 -403.

AMA Style

Teodoro Marañón, Carmen M. Navarro-Fernández, Marta Gil-Martínez, Maria T. Dominguez, Paula Madejón, Rafael Villar. Variation in morphological and chemical traits of Mediterranean tree roots: linkage with leaf traits and soil conditions. Plant and Soil. 2020; 449 (1-2):389-403.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Teodoro Marañón; Carmen M. Navarro-Fernández; Marta Gil-Martínez; Maria T. Dominguez; Paula Madejón; Rafael Villar. 2020. "Variation in morphological and chemical traits of Mediterranean tree roots: linkage with leaf traits and soil conditions." Plant and Soil 449, no. 1-2: 389-403.

Journal article
Published: 26 November 2018 in Sustainability
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Only a few studies have quantified and measured ecosystem services (ES) specifically related to soil. To address this gap, we have developed and applied a methodology to assess changes in ecosystem services, based on measured or estimated soil property changes that were stimulated by soil management measures (e.g., mulching, terracing, no-till). We applied the ES assessment methodology in 16 case study sites across Europe representing a high diversity of soil threats and land use systems. Various prevention and remediation measures were trialled, and the changes in manageable soil and other natural capital properties were measured and quantified. An Excel tool facilitated data collection, calculation of changes in ecosystem services, and visualization of measured short-term changes and estimated long-term changes at plot level and for the wider area. With this methodology, we were able to successfully collect and compare data on the impact of land management on 15 different ecosystem services from 26 different measures. Overall, the results are positive in terms of the impacts of the trialled measures on ecosystem services, with 18 out of 26 measures having no decrease in any service at the plot level. Although methodological challenges remain, the ES assessment was shown to be a comprehensive evaluation of the impacts of the trialled measures, and also served as an input to a stakeholder valuation of ecosystem services at local and sub-national levels.

ACS Style

Gudrun Schwilch; Tatenda Lemann; Örjan Berglund; Carlo Camarotto; Artemi Cerdà; Ioannis Daliakopoulos; Silvia Kohnová; Dominika Krzeminska; Teodoro Marañón; René Rietra; Grzegorz Siebielec; Johann Thorsson; Mark Tibbett; Sandra Valente; Hedwig Van Delden; Jan Van Den Akker; Simone Verzandvoort; Nicoleta Vrînceanu; Christos Zoumides; Rudi Hessel. Assessing Impacts of Soil Management Measures on Ecosystem Services. Sustainability 2018, 10, 4416 .

AMA Style

Gudrun Schwilch, Tatenda Lemann, Örjan Berglund, Carlo Camarotto, Artemi Cerdà, Ioannis Daliakopoulos, Silvia Kohnová, Dominika Krzeminska, Teodoro Marañón, René Rietra, Grzegorz Siebielec, Johann Thorsson, Mark Tibbett, Sandra Valente, Hedwig Van Delden, Jan Van Den Akker, Simone Verzandvoort, Nicoleta Vrînceanu, Christos Zoumides, Rudi Hessel. Assessing Impacts of Soil Management Measures on Ecosystem Services. Sustainability. 2018; 10 (12):4416.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Gudrun Schwilch; Tatenda Lemann; Örjan Berglund; Carlo Camarotto; Artemi Cerdà; Ioannis Daliakopoulos; Silvia Kohnová; Dominika Krzeminska; Teodoro Marañón; René Rietra; Grzegorz Siebielec; Johann Thorsson; Mark Tibbett; Sandra Valente; Hedwig Van Delden; Jan Van Den Akker; Simone Verzandvoort; Nicoleta Vrînceanu; Christos Zoumides; Rudi Hessel. 2018. "Assessing Impacts of Soil Management Measures on Ecosystem Services." Sustainability 10, no. 12: 4416.

Original research article
Published: 20 November 2018 in Frontiers in Plant Science
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There is an increasing consensus that microbial communities have an important role in mediating ecosystem processes. Trait-based ecology predicts that the impact of the microbial communities on ecosystem functions will be mediated by the expression of their traits at community level. The link between the response of microbial community traits to environmental conditions and its effect on plant functioning is a gap in most current microbial ecology studies. In this study, we analyzed functional traits of ectomycorrhizal fungal species in order to understand the importance of their community assembly for the soil–plant relationships in holm oak trees (Quercus ilex subsp. ballota) growing in a gradient of exposure to anthropogenic trace element (TE) contamination after a metalliferous tailings spill. Particularly, we addressed how the ectomycorrhizal composition and morphological traits at community level mediate plant response to TE contamination and its capacity for phytoremediation. Ectomycorrhizal fungal taxonomy and functional diversity explained a high proportion of variance of tree functional traits, both in roots and leaves. Trees where ectomycorrhizal fungal communities were dominated by the abundant taxa Hebeloma cavipes and Thelephora terrestris showed a conservative root economics spectrum, while trees colonized by rare taxa presented a resource acquisition strategy. Conservative roots presented ectomycorrhizal functional traits characterized by high rhizomorphs formation and low melanization which may be driven by resource limitation. Soil-to-root transfer of TEs was explained substantially by the ectomycorrhizal fungal species composition, with the highest transfer found in trees whose roots were colonized by Hebeloma cavipes. Leaf phosphorus was related to ectomycorrhizal species composition, specifically higher leaf phosphorus was related to the root colonization by Thelephora terrestris. These findings support that ectomycorrhizal fungal community composition and their functional traits mediate plant performance in metal-contaminated soils, and have a high influence on plant capacity for phytoremediation of contaminants. The study also corroborates the overall effects of ectomycorrhizal fungi on ecosystem functioning through their mediation over the plant economics spectrum.

ACS Style

Marta Gil-Martínez; Álvaro López-García; Maria T. Dominguez; Carmen M. Navarro-Fernández; Rasmus Kjøller; Mark Tibbett; Teodoro Marañón. Ectomycorrhizal Fungal Communities and Their Functional Traits Mediate Plant–Soil Interactions in Trace Element Contaminated Soils. Frontiers in Plant Science 2018, 9, 1 .

AMA Style

Marta Gil-Martínez, Álvaro López-García, Maria T. Dominguez, Carmen M. Navarro-Fernández, Rasmus Kjøller, Mark Tibbett, Teodoro Marañón. Ectomycorrhizal Fungal Communities and Their Functional Traits Mediate Plant–Soil Interactions in Trace Element Contaminated Soils. Frontiers in Plant Science. 2018; 9 ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Marta Gil-Martínez; Álvaro López-García; Maria T. Dominguez; Carmen M. Navarro-Fernández; Rasmus Kjøller; Mark Tibbett; Teodoro Marañón. 2018. "Ectomycorrhizal Fungal Communities and Their Functional Traits Mediate Plant–Soil Interactions in Trace Element Contaminated Soils." Frontiers in Plant Science 9, no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 01 July 2018 in CATENA
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ACS Style

P. Madejón; Maria T. Dominguez; M. Gil-Martínez; C.M. Navarro-Fernández; M.M. Montiel-Rozas; J.M. Murillo; F. Cabrera; Teodoro Marañón. Evaluation of amendment addition and tree planting as measures to remediate contaminated soils: The Guadiamar case study (SW Spain). CATENA 2018, 166, 34 -43.

AMA Style

P. Madejón, Maria T. Dominguez, M. Gil-Martínez, C.M. Navarro-Fernández, M.M. Montiel-Rozas, J.M. Murillo, F. Cabrera, Teodoro Marañón. Evaluation of amendment addition and tree planting as measures to remediate contaminated soils: The Guadiamar case study (SW Spain). CATENA. 2018; 166 ():34-43.

Chicago/Turabian Style

P. Madejón; Maria T. Dominguez; M. Gil-Martínez; C.M. Navarro-Fernández; M.M. Montiel-Rozas; J.M. Murillo; F. Cabrera; Teodoro Marañón. 2018. "Evaluation of amendment addition and tree planting as measures to remediate contaminated soils: The Guadiamar case study (SW Spain)." CATENA 166, no. : 34-43.

Review
Published: 01 June 2018 in Science of The Total Environment
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Soil contamination by trace elements (TE) is a major environmental problem and much research is done into its effects on ecosystems and human health, as well as into remediation techniques. The Aznalcóllar mine accident (April 1998) was a large-scale ecological and socio-economic catastrophe in the South of Spain. We present here a literature review that synthesizes the main results found during the research conducted at the affected area over the past 20 years since the mine accident, focused on the soil-plant system. We review, in depth, information about the characterization of the mine slurry and contaminated soils, and of the TE monitoring, performed until the present time. The reclamation techniques included the removal of sludge and soil surface layer and use of soil amendments; we review the effects of different types of amendments at different spatial scales and their effectiveness with time. Monitoring of TE in soil and their transfer to plants (crops, herbs, shrubs, and trees) were evaluated to assess potential toxicity effects in the food web. The utility of some plants (accumulators) with regard to the biomonitoring of TE in the environment was also evaluated. On the other hand, retention of TE by plant roots and their associated microorganisms was used as a low-cost technique for TE stabilization and soil remediation. We also evaluate the experience acquired in making the Guadiamar Green Corridor a large-scale soil reclamation and phytoremediation case study.

ACS Style

Paula Madejón; Maria T. Dominguez; Engracia Madejón; Francisco Cabrera; Teodoro Marañón; José M. Murillo. Soil-plant relationships and contamination by trace elements: A review of twenty years of experimentation and monitoring after the Aznalcóllar (SW Spain) mine accident. Science of The Total Environment 2018, 625, 50 -63.

AMA Style

Paula Madejón, Maria T. Dominguez, Engracia Madejón, Francisco Cabrera, Teodoro Marañón, José M. Murillo. Soil-plant relationships and contamination by trace elements: A review of twenty years of experimentation and monitoring after the Aznalcóllar (SW Spain) mine accident. Science of The Total Environment. 2018; 625 ():50-63.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Paula Madejón; Maria T. Dominguez; Engracia Madejón; Francisco Cabrera; Teodoro Marañón; José M. Murillo. 2018. "Soil-plant relationships and contamination by trace elements: A review of twenty years of experimentation and monitoring after the Aznalcóllar (SW Spain) mine accident." Science of The Total Environment 625, no. : 50-63.

Journal article
Published: 01 June 2018 in Soil Biology and Biochemistry
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ACS Style

Álvaro López-García; Marta Gil-Martínez; Carmen M. Navarro-Fernández; Rasmus Kjøller; Concepción Azcón-Aguilar; María T. Domínguez; Teodoro Marañón. Functional diversity of ectomycorrhizal fungal communities is reduced by trace element contamination. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 2018, 121, 202 -211.

AMA Style

Álvaro López-García, Marta Gil-Martínez, Carmen M. Navarro-Fernández, Rasmus Kjøller, Concepción Azcón-Aguilar, María T. Domínguez, Teodoro Marañón. Functional diversity of ectomycorrhizal fungal communities is reduced by trace element contamination. Soil Biology and Biochemistry. 2018; 121 ():202-211.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Álvaro López-García; Marta Gil-Martínez; Carmen M. Navarro-Fernández; Rasmus Kjøller; Concepción Azcón-Aguilar; María T. Domínguez; Teodoro Marañón. 2018. "Functional diversity of ectomycorrhizal fungal communities is reduced by trace element contamination." Soil Biology and Biochemistry 121, no. : 202-211.

Original article
Published: 06 December 2017 in Trees
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This study reinforces the existence of the leaf economics spectrum in Mediterranean woody species, and demonstrates the strong influence of phylogeny, leaf habit and environmental context as main drivers of variability in structural and nutrient traits of leaves. Leaf structural and nutrient traits are key attributes of plant ecological strategies, as these traits are related to resource-use strategies and plant growth. However, leaf structure and nutrient composition can vary among different habitats, leaf habits or phylogenetic groups. In this study, we measured 13 leaf traits (one structural—leaf mass per area, LMA—and 12 nutrient traits) in 98 Mediterranean woody species growing over a wide range of environmental conditions, with the final aim of discerning the main causes of leaf trait variability. The variance decomposition results show that phylogeny, leaf habit and habitat type affected in several ways the structural and nutrient traits studied. Leaf nutrient concentrations are strongly positively correlated amongst themselves, and negatively correlated with LMA, in accordance with the “leaf economics spectrum”. We found that leaf habit and phylogeny were important causes of variation in LMA and in a broad number of leaf nutrients (i.e., C, N, Mg, S, K), while other micronutrients seemed to be more dependent on the environment (i.e., Cu and Mn). In summary, our study reinforces the existence of the leaf economics spectrum in a broad pool of Mediterranean woody species, and demonstrates the strong influence of phylogeny, leaf habit and environmental context as the main drivers of variability in some leaf structural and nutrient traits.

ACS Style

Enrique G. De La Riva; Rafael Villar; Ignacio Perez-Ramos; José Luis Quero; Luis Matías; Lourens Poorter; Teodoro Marañón. Relationships between leaf mass per area and nutrient concentrations in 98 Mediterranean woody species are determined by phylogeny, habitat and leaf habit. Trees 2017, 32, 497 -510.

AMA Style

Enrique G. De La Riva, Rafael Villar, Ignacio Perez-Ramos, José Luis Quero, Luis Matías, Lourens Poorter, Teodoro Marañón. Relationships between leaf mass per area and nutrient concentrations in 98 Mediterranean woody species are determined by phylogeny, habitat and leaf habit. Trees. 2017; 32 (2):497-510.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Enrique G. De La Riva; Rafael Villar; Ignacio Perez-Ramos; José Luis Quero; Luis Matías; Lourens Poorter; Teodoro Marañón. 2017. "Relationships between leaf mass per area and nutrient concentrations in 98 Mediterranean woody species are determined by phylogeny, habitat and leaf habit." Trees 32, no. 2: 497-510.

Regular article
Published: 23 October 2017 in Plant and Soil
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Root traits play a critical role in plant resource-use strategies and ecosystem functioning, but there is great controversy regarding their identity and functionality in different dimensions of belowground functional variation. Here, we explored the level of covariation among a suite of key root traits (i.e. specific root length, root dry matter content, diameter and density) as well as between them and two aboveground traits related with plant function (leaf nutrient concentration and specific leaf area). We also evaluated whether these patterns of trait covariation were consistent at different spatial scales and organisational levels. We collected fine root (< 2 mm) samples of 534 individuals (of 80 woody species) along a wide regional range of environmental conditions in southern Spain. In general, strong correlations among most of the root morphological traits were found, supporting the existence of a ‘root economics spectrum’, as well as between root traits and the aboveground traits. However, root diameter was not completely aligned along this ecological axis, supporting the idea of a multidimensional spectrum of root traits. The main syndrome of root trait covariation was consistent at the different spatial scales and organisational levels. Soil nutrients and water availability were the main drivers of root trait variation. Our results indicate that root trait variation is primarily aligned along a leading dimension related to resource economics. However, the distinct pattern of root diameter may indicate a multidimensionality of belowground traits that needs to be explored in greater depth.

ACS Style

Enrique G. de la Riva; Teodoro Marañón; Ignacio Perez-Ramos; Carmen M. Navarro-Fernández; Manuel Olmo; Rafael Villar. Root traits across environmental gradients in Mediterranean woody communities: are they aligned along the root economics spectrum? Plant and Soil 2017, 424, 35 -48.

AMA Style

Enrique G. de la Riva, Teodoro Marañón, Ignacio Perez-Ramos, Carmen M. Navarro-Fernández, Manuel Olmo, Rafael Villar. Root traits across environmental gradients in Mediterranean woody communities: are they aligned along the root economics spectrum? Plant and Soil. 2017; 424 (1-2):35-48.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Enrique G. de la Riva; Teodoro Marañón; Ignacio Perez-Ramos; Carmen M. Navarro-Fernández; Manuel Olmo; Rafael Villar. 2017. "Root traits across environmental gradients in Mediterranean woody communities: are they aligned along the root economics spectrum?" Plant and Soil 424, no. 1-2: 35-48.

Original research article
Published: 19 July 2017 in Frontiers in Plant Science
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According with niche theory the species are specialized in different ecological niches, being able to coexist as result of a differential use of resources. In this context, the biogeochemical niche hypothesis proposes that species have an optimal elemental composition which results from the link between the chemical and morphological traits for the optimum plant functioning. Thus, and attending to the limiting similarity concept, different elemental composition and plant structure among co-occurring species may reduce competition, promoting different functional niches. Different functional habits associated with leaf life-span or growth forms are associated with different strategies for resource uptake, which could promote niche partitioning. In the present study, based on the biogeochemical niche concept and the use of resources in different proportions, we have focused on leaf traits (morphological and chemical) associated with resource uptake, and explored the niche partitioning among functional habits: leaf life-span (deciduous, evergreen and semideciduous) and growth (tree, shrub, and arborescent-shrub). To this end, we have quantified the hypervolume of the leaf functional trait space (both structure and chemical composition) in a sample of 45 Mediterranean woody species from Sierra Morena Mountains (Spain) growing along a local soil resource gradient. Our results show consistent variation in functional space for woody communities distributed along the environmental gradient. Thus, communities dominated by deciduous trees with faster growth and a predominant acquisitive strategy were characteristic of bottom forests and showed highest leaf biogeochemical space. While semideciduous shrubs and evergreen (arborescent, trees) species, characterized by a conservative strategy, dominated ridge forests and showed smaller functional space. In addition, within each topographical zone or environment type, the foliar biogeochemical niche partitioning would underlie the species ability to coexist by diverging on leaf nutrient composition and resource uptake. Lower niche overlap among functional habits were found, which support that different growth forms and leaf life-habits may facilitate the coexistence of the woody species and niche partitioning along and within the gradient.

ACS Style

Enrique G. De La Riva; Teodoro Marañón; Cyrille Violle; Rafael Villar; Ignacio Perez-Ramos. Biogeochemical and Ecomorphological Niche Segregation of Mediterranean Woody Species along a Local Gradient. Frontiers in Plant Science 2017, 8, 1242 .

AMA Style

Enrique G. De La Riva, Teodoro Marañón, Cyrille Violle, Rafael Villar, Ignacio Perez-Ramos. Biogeochemical and Ecomorphological Niche Segregation of Mediterranean Woody Species along a Local Gradient. Frontiers in Plant Science. 2017; 8 ():1242.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Enrique G. De La Riva; Teodoro Marañón; Cyrille Violle; Rafael Villar; Ignacio Perez-Ramos. 2017. "Biogeochemical and Ecomorphological Niche Segregation of Mediterranean Woody Species along a Local Gradient." Frontiers in Plant Science 8, no. : 1242.

Research article
Published: 30 June 2017 in PLOS ONE
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Soil pollution by trace elements (TEs) from mining and industrial activity is widespread and presents a risk to humans and ecosystems. The use of trees to immobilize TEs (phytostabilization) is a low-cost and effective method of soil remediation. We aimed to determine the chemical composition of leaves and flower buds of Eucalyptus camaldulensis in seven sites along the Guadiamar River valley (SW Spain), an area contaminated by a mine-spill in 1998. E. camaldulensis trees in the spill-affected area and adjacent non affected areas were growing on a variety of soils with pH from 5.6 to 8.1 with low concentration of plant nutrients. The spill affected soils contained up to 1069 mg kg-1 of As and 4086 mg kg-1 of Pb. E. camaldulensis tolerated elevated TE concentrations in soil and, compared to other species growing in the same environment, had low TE concentrations in the aerial portions. Besides tolerance to soil contamination, E. camaldulensis had low bioaccumulation coefficients for soil contaminants. TE concentrations in the aboveground portions were below levels reported to be toxic to plants or ecosystems. Flower buds had even lower TE concentrations than leaves. Despite the relatively low concentration of TEs in leaves they were significantly correlated with the soil extractable (0.01 M CaCl2) Cd, Mn and Zn (but not Cu and Pb). The general features of this tree species: tolerance to impoverished and contaminated soils, fast growth and deep root system, and low transfer of TEs from soil to aboveground organs makes it suitable for phytostabilization of soils contaminated by TEs. In addition, eucalyptus leaves could be used for biomonitoring the soil extractability of Cd, Mn and Zn but not Cu or Pb.

ACS Style

Paula Madejón; Teodoro Marañón; Carmen M. Navarro-Fernández; María T. Domínguez; José M. Alegre; Brett Robinson; José M. Murillo. Potential of Eucalyptus camaldulensis for phytostabilization and biomonitoring of trace-element contaminated soils. PLOS ONE 2017, 12, e0180240 .

AMA Style

Paula Madejón, Teodoro Marañón, Carmen M. Navarro-Fernández, María T. Domínguez, José M. Alegre, Brett Robinson, José M. Murillo. Potential of Eucalyptus camaldulensis for phytostabilization and biomonitoring of trace-element contaminated soils. PLOS ONE. 2017; 12 (6):e0180240.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Paula Madejón; Teodoro Marañón; Carmen M. Navarro-Fernández; María T. Domínguez; José M. Alegre; Brett Robinson; José M. Murillo. 2017. "Potential of Eucalyptus camaldulensis for phytostabilization and biomonitoring of trace-element contaminated soils." PLOS ONE 12, no. 6: e0180240.

Article
Published: 24 April 2017 in Ecosystems
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Water availability is one of the most important factors determining species distribution, plant community structure and ecosystem functioning. We explore how the functional structure of Mediterranean woody plant communities varies along a regional gradient of aridity in the Andalusian region (south Spain). We question whether communities located in more arid sites show more similarity in their functional structure when compared with communities located in wetter sites or whether, instead, there is divergence in their functional spaces. We selected five aridity zones (three sampling sites per zone) and measured 13 traits of different functional dimensions (including leaf, stem and root traits) in 74 woody plant species. We quantified functional space differences using the n-dimensional niche space approach (hypervolume). We found a larger functional space for the wetter communities compared with the more arid communities, which showed greater overlap of the trait space occupation. Our results indicate that aridity acts as a key abiotic filter affecting various metrics of the community trait structure, in accordance with the plant economics spectrum. We have also documented consistent variation in the functional space, supporting lower functional diversity under more harsh climatic conditions. The trend of functional space variation along the aridity gradient was different when considering traits from only one plant organ. Thus, the filtering process driving the functional structure of the communities studied here largely depends on the trait axis considered; for example, the root dimension showed considerable variation in wet environments, whereas the leaf dimension exhibited a larger functional space in the drier habitats.

ACS Style

Enrique G. de la Riva; Cyrille Violle; Ignacio Perez-Ramos; Teodoro Marañón; Carmen M. Navarro-Fernández; Manuel Olmo; Rafael Villar. A Multidimensional Functional Trait Approach Reveals the Imprint of Environmental Stress in Mediterranean Woody Communities. Ecosystems 2017, 21, 248 -262.

AMA Style

Enrique G. de la Riva, Cyrille Violle, Ignacio Perez-Ramos, Teodoro Marañón, Carmen M. Navarro-Fernández, Manuel Olmo, Rafael Villar. A Multidimensional Functional Trait Approach Reveals the Imprint of Environmental Stress in Mediterranean Woody Communities. Ecosystems. 2017; 21 (2):248-262.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Enrique G. de la Riva; Cyrille Violle; Ignacio Perez-Ramos; Teodoro Marañón; Carmen M. Navarro-Fernández; Manuel Olmo; Rafael Villar. 2017. "A Multidimensional Functional Trait Approach Reveals the Imprint of Environmental Stress in Mediterranean Woody Communities." Ecosystems 21, no. 2: 248-262.

Journal article
Published: 28 February 2017 in Journal of Ecology
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12 páginas.-- 4 figuras.-- 93 referencias.-- Details of electronic Supporting Information are provided below.-- The whole dataset of this study is publicly available in the Dryad Digital Repository: https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.qc90d (Pérez-Ramos et al. 2017).1 Understanding how different factors mediate the resistance of communities to climatic variability is a question of considerable ecological interest that remains mostly unresolved. This is particularly remarkable to improve predictions about the impact of climate change on vegetation.\ud 2 Here, we used a trait-based approach to analyse the sensitivity to climatic variability over 9 years of 19 Mediterranean shrubland communities located in southwest Spain. We evaluated the role of functional diversity (FD) and soil environment as drivers of community stability (assessed as changes in plant cover, species diversity and composition).\ud 3 The studied shrubland communities were strongly sensitive to inter-annual variability in climate. First, colder and drier conditions caused remarkable decreases in total plant cover but increased FD, likely because the reduction of plant cover after harsh climatic conditions promoted the expansion of functionally dissimilar species in the new open microsites; although communities returned to their initial values of plant cover after nine years, changes in FD and structure persisted over time. Second, drier and colder conditions favoured the predominance of shrubs with a conservative resource-use strategy (i.e. with higher dry matter content in leaves, stems and roots), bigger seeds and a more efficient use of water.\ud 4 The most functionally diverse communities were the most stable over time in terms of species diversity, likely because a higher number of functionally dissimilar species allowed compensatory dynamics among them.\ud 5 Communities inhabiting more acidic and resource-limited environments were less variable over time, probably because they were mainly constituted by slow-growth, stress-tolerant species that are potentially better adapted to harsh climatic conditions.\ud 6 Synthesis. This study highlights the utility of a trait-based approach to evaluate how plant communities respond to climatic variability. We could infer that the increased frequency of extreme climatic events predicted by climatic models will alter the functional structure of shrubland communities, with potential repercussions for ecosystem functioning. Our results also provide new insights into the role of FD and soil environment as buffers of the climate impact on woody communities, as well as potentially useful information to be applied in ecologically based management and restoration strategies.This study was supported by the “Ramón y Cajal” Research Programme to IMPR (RYC-2013- 13937), by the Spanish MEC projects DIVERBOS (CGL2011-30285-C02-01 and C02-02), DECAFUN (CGL2015-70123-R), SECADIN (CGL2012-32965), ECO-MEDIT (CGL2014-53236-R), BIOCLIM (CGL2015-67419-R) and ECOMETAS (CGL2014-53840-REDT), by the European projects Env Europe (LIFE08 ENV/IT/000399) and eLTER (GA 654359), by the Generalitat de Catalunya (AGAUR, 2014 SGR 453) and FEDER Funds.Peer reviewe

ACS Style

Ignacio Manuel Pérez-Ramos; Ricardo Díaz-Delgado; Enrique G. de la Riva; Rafael Villar; Francisco Lloret; Teodoro Marañón. Climate variability and community stability in Mediterranean shrublands: the role of functional diversity and soil environment. Journal of Ecology 2017, 105, 1335 -1346.

AMA Style

Ignacio Manuel Pérez-Ramos, Ricardo Díaz-Delgado, Enrique G. de la Riva, Rafael Villar, Francisco Lloret, Teodoro Marañón. Climate variability and community stability in Mediterranean shrublands: the role of functional diversity and soil environment. Journal of Ecology. 2017; 105 (5):1335-1346.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ignacio Manuel Pérez-Ramos; Ricardo Díaz-Delgado; Enrique G. de la Riva; Rafael Villar; Francisco Lloret; Teodoro Marañón. 2017. "Climate variability and community stability in Mediterranean shrublands: the role of functional diversity and soil environment." Journal of Ecology 105, no. 5: 1335-1346.

Journal article
Published: 01 December 2016 in Ecological Engineering
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5 páginas.-- 2 figuras.-- 2 tablas.-- 45 referencias.-- Supplementary data associated with this article can be found, in the online version, at http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2016.10.059.The use of shrubs as nurse plants to facilitate woody plant recruitment has been proved to be particularly useful for the revegetation of highly disturbed environments, such as contaminated lands. In a contaminated area from SW Spain, we compared soil fertility and microbial enzyme activity in different microhabitats associated with shrubs, along a gradient of soil contamination, 13 years after the revegetation of the area following a contamination episode. We compared soil organic matter, nutrient content, and enzyme activities in four microhabitats: underneath retama (Retama sphaerocarpa) shrubs nursing Holm oak (Quercus ilex subsp. ballota) seedlings, underneath separate retama and oak individual plants, and in patches of soil without any woody cover. Soil enzyme activities were influenced more by the background soil conditions (pH and organic matter content, modified by the addition of a soil amendment during soil remediation) than by the development of the vegetation. In the soils under the cover of the retama-oak association, intense acidification (pH <4) was observed at the most contaminated sites, which resulted in higher solubility of toxic trace elements and lower enzyme activities (five times lower dehydrogenase and β-glucosidase activities, in comparison to neutral soils). The results suggest that improving soil conditions before plantation through amendment application is critical to ensure the improvement of microbial activity in the long-term at such degraded sites.The research leading to these results received funding from the Regional Ministry of the Environment (Junta de Andalucía), within the SECOVER project, and from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, within the RESTECO (CGL2014-52858-R) and FITORHIZON (AGL2011-23617) projects. M.T.D. was supported by a Juan de la Cierva postdoctoral grant awarded by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness.Peer reviewe

ACS Style

Maria T. Dominguez; Engracia Madejon; R. López-Garrido; Teodoro Marañón; J.M. Murillo. Shrubs for the remediation of contaminated Mediterranean areas: Is the nurse effect mediated by increases in soil enzyme activities? Ecological Engineering 2016, 97, 577 -581.

AMA Style

Maria T. Dominguez, Engracia Madejon, R. López-Garrido, Teodoro Marañón, J.M. Murillo. Shrubs for the remediation of contaminated Mediterranean areas: Is the nurse effect mediated by increases in soil enzyme activities? Ecological Engineering. 2016; 97 ():577-581.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Maria T. Dominguez; Engracia Madejon; R. López-Garrido; Teodoro Marañón; J.M. Murillo. 2016. "Shrubs for the remediation of contaminated Mediterranean areas: Is the nurse effect mediated by increases in soil enzyme activities?" Ecological Engineering 97, no. : 577-581.

Article
Published: 13 October 2016 in Ecosystems
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In the last two decades, widespread tree decline and mortality have been documented in forests worldwide. These mortality events usually show certain level of host-specificity, translating into rapid changes in the relative abundance of the adult community. Despite these short-term changes, it is poorly understood whether the decline and mortality of certain tree species are likely to result in long-term vegetation shifts. Trajectories of forest recovery and the probability of occurrence of permanent vegetation shifts are to a large extent determined by post-mortality regeneration dynamics. Using a spatially explicit neighborhood approach, we evaluated the spatial patterns of natural regeneration of the woody plant community in mixed Mediterranean forests affected by the decline of their dominant tree species, Quercus suber. We predicted the abundance, survival, and richness of the seedling and sapling bank as a function of the distribution and health status of the tree and shrub community. Results indicated that Q. suber decline had detectable effects on seedlings and saplings of coexistent woody species from very different functional groups (trees, shrubs, and lianas). The sign and magnitude of these effects varied substantially among coexistent species, which could imply shifts in the species ranking of seedling and sapling abundance, affecting successional trajectories and potentially leading to vegetation shifts. Because most of these changes pointed towards a loss of dominance of Q. suber, management strategies are urgently needed in order to attenuate adult mortality or promote its regeneration, counteracting the negative effects of global change drivers (exotic pathogens, climate change) on these valuable forests.

ACS Style

Beatriz Ibáñez; Lorena Gómez-Aparicio; Jose Manuel Avila; Ignacio Perez-Ramos; Teodoro Marañón. Effects of Quercus suber Decline on Woody Plant Regeneration: Potential Implications for Successional Dynamics in Mediterranean Forests. Ecosystems 2016, 20, 630 -644.

AMA Style

Beatriz Ibáñez, Lorena Gómez-Aparicio, Jose Manuel Avila, Ignacio Perez-Ramos, Teodoro Marañón. Effects of Quercus suber Decline on Woody Plant Regeneration: Potential Implications for Successional Dynamics in Mediterranean Forests. Ecosystems. 2016; 20 (3):630-644.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Beatriz Ibáñez; Lorena Gómez-Aparicio; Jose Manuel Avila; Ignacio Perez-Ramos; Teodoro Marañón. 2016. "Effects of Quercus suber Decline on Woody Plant Regeneration: Potential Implications for Successional Dynamics in Mediterranean Forests." Ecosystems 20, no. 3: 630-644.

Journal article
Published: 29 August 2016 in Journal of Vegetation Science
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How are ectomycorrhizal (ECM) and arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) traits related to other plant traits at the community level? Which abiotic factors drive the variability of these ECM and AM traits? What is the relative importance of plant species turnover and plant intraspecific differences on mycorrhizal trait variability among communities? Nine Mediterranean woody communities, Sierra Morena Mountains, Córdoba, south Spain. Mycorrhizal and plant traits were weighted by the abundance of constitutive plant species to calculate community-weighted means (CWM). Maximum likelihood techniques were used to analyse how variation in these functional community traits was driven by soil abiotic factors. The degree of ECM colonization was positively related to the abundance of evergreen species and to tissue dry matter content (in leaves and roots), but negatively to specific root length and specific leaf area. The best abiotic predictor of ECM colonization was soil moisture, with higher ECM colonization in drier sites. However, AM colonization was not related to any of the plant traits studied, and was positively related to soil Cu and other physico-chemical soil properties. Changes in community mycorrhization of both types were primarily due to plant species turnover (mainly species occurrence), with a remarkable importance of plant intraspecific variability in the case of AM colonization (especially in the percentage of vesicles). The degrees of colonization by ECM and AM at the community level exhibited different patterns, influenced by both biotic factors (plant functional structure) and abiotic conditions (soil moisture and chemical composition). The proposed mycorrhizal trait-based approach can help to better understand the role of these symbioses on plant community functioning.

ACS Style

Carmen M. Navarro-Fernández; Ignacio M. Pérez-Ramos; Enrique G. de la Riva; José R. Vera; Catherine Roumet; Rafael Villar; Teodoro Marañón. Functional responses of Mediterranean plant communities to soil resource heterogeneity: a mycorrhizal trait-based approach. Journal of Vegetation Science 2016, 27, 1243 -1253.

AMA Style

Carmen M. Navarro-Fernández, Ignacio M. Pérez-Ramos, Enrique G. de la Riva, José R. Vera, Catherine Roumet, Rafael Villar, Teodoro Marañón. Functional responses of Mediterranean plant communities to soil resource heterogeneity: a mycorrhizal trait-based approach. Journal of Vegetation Science. 2016; 27 (6):1243-1253.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Carmen M. Navarro-Fernández; Ignacio M. Pérez-Ramos; Enrique G. de la Riva; José R. Vera; Catherine Roumet; Rafael Villar; Teodoro Marañón. 2016. "Functional responses of Mediterranean plant communities to soil resource heterogeneity: a mycorrhizal trait-based approach." Journal of Vegetation Science 27, no. 6: 1243-1253.

Journal article
Published: 01 August 2016 in Ecosystem Services
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9 páginas.-- 4 figuras.-- 3 tablas.--78 referencias.-- Supplementary data associated with this article can be found in the online version at http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoser.2016.07.002An ecosystem services approach entails the development of a set of evaluation tools in order to quantify the benefits and vulnerabilities of each ecosystem. In this context, the current research explores the conceptualization of different evaluation tools for representative forest ecosystem services in Mediterranean areas.\ud Mediterranean forests provide a wide range of ecosystem services, nevertheless they have to confront various threats such as deforestation, fires, and urban/industrial development. The Mediterranean region has suffered intense changes in land use over the past several decades such as intensification of agricultural and urban development, while marginal croplands have been abandoned and reforested. Thus, the dynamics of land use change have become an important driving force for the potential impact on ecosystem services. Quantifying the magnitude of land use change is therefore essential to estimate its consequences on ecosystem services.\ud Taking this into account, the general aims of this research are (a) to evaluate the state and trends of forest ecosystem services at regional scale in Andalusia (South Spain), (b) to contribute to the methodology for accounting three main forest ecosystem services: carbon storage, protection of soil erosion, and cork oak provisioning, and (c) to assess how theses ecosystem services are affected by drivers of change, such as land use change. In this sense, the main results are the methodologies for the standardization and harmonization of the types of forest ecosystems using the mappings of land use (LULCMA), obtaining an objective quantification of the balance of surface supplying forest ecosystem services, and monitoring over time.This study has been possible by the coordination of the Andalusian network REDIAM and the support of the multidisciplinary team involved in the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment in Andalusia, coordinated by C. Montes and R. García-Mora. The projects Anasinque (PGC2010-RNM-5782), Diverbos (CGL2011-30285-C02) and Resteco (CGL2014-52858-R) have also supported the study.Peer reviewe

ACS Style

María Anaya-Romero; Miriam Muñoz-Rojas; Beatriz Ibáñez; Teodoro Marañón. Evaluation of forest ecosystem services in Mediterranean areas. A regional case study in South Spain. Ecosystem Services 2016, 20, 82 -90.

AMA Style

María Anaya-Romero, Miriam Muñoz-Rojas, Beatriz Ibáñez, Teodoro Marañón. Evaluation of forest ecosystem services in Mediterranean areas. A regional case study in South Spain. Ecosystem Services. 2016; 20 ():82-90.

Chicago/Turabian Style

María Anaya-Romero; Miriam Muñoz-Rojas; Beatriz Ibáñez; Teodoro Marañón. 2016. "Evaluation of forest ecosystem services in Mediterranean areas. A regional case study in South Spain." Ecosystem Services 20, no. : 82-90.

Journal article
Published: 01 August 2016 in Ecological Indicators
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Despite numerous research efforts over the last decades, integrating the concept of ecosystem services into land management decision-making continues to pose considerable challenges. Researchers have developed many different frameworks to operationalize the concept, but these are often specific to a certain issue and each has their own definitions and understandings of particular terms. Based on a comprehensive review of the current scientific debate, the EU FP7 project RECARE proposes an adapted framework for soil-related ecosystem services that is suited for practical application in the prevention and remediation of soil degradation across Europe. We have adapted existing frameworks by integrating components from soil science while attempting to introduce a consistent terminology that is understandable to a variety of stakeholders. RECARE aims to assess how soil threats and prevention and remediation measures affect ecosystem services. Changes in the natural capital's properties influence soil processes, which support the provision of ecosystem services. The benefits produced by these ecosystem services are explicitly or implicitly valued by individuals and society. This can influence decision- and policymaking at different scales, potentially leading to a societal response, such as improved land management. The proposed ecosystem services framework will be applied by the RECARE project in a transdisciplinary process. It will assist in singling out the most beneficial land management measures and in identifying trade-offs and win–win situations resulting from and impacted by European policies. The framework thus reflects the specific contributions soils make to ecosystem services and helps reveal changes in ecosystem services caused by soil management and policies impacting on soil. At the same time, the framework is simple and robust enough for practical application in assessing soil threats and their management with stakeholders at various levels.

ACS Style

Gudrun Schwilch; Lea Bernet; Luuk Fleskens; Elias Giannakis; Julia Leventon; Teodoro Marañón; Jane Mills; Chris Short; Jannes Stolte; Hedwig van Delden; Simone Verzandvoort. Operationalizing ecosystem services for the mitigation of soil threats: A proposed framework. Ecological Indicators 2016, 67, 586 -597.

AMA Style

Gudrun Schwilch, Lea Bernet, Luuk Fleskens, Elias Giannakis, Julia Leventon, Teodoro Marañón, Jane Mills, Chris Short, Jannes Stolte, Hedwig van Delden, Simone Verzandvoort. Operationalizing ecosystem services for the mitigation of soil threats: A proposed framework. Ecological Indicators. 2016; 67 ():586-597.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Gudrun Schwilch; Lea Bernet; Luuk Fleskens; Elias Giannakis; Julia Leventon; Teodoro Marañón; Jane Mills; Chris Short; Jannes Stolte; Hedwig van Delden; Simone Verzandvoort. 2016. "Operationalizing ecosystem services for the mitigation of soil threats: A proposed framework." Ecological Indicators 67, no. : 586-597.

Article
Published: 23 June 2016 in Ecology
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Although the functional basis of variable and synchronous seed production (masting behavior) has been extensively investigated, only recently has attention been focused on the proximate mechanisms driving this phenomenon. We analyzed the relationship between weather and acorn production in 15 species of oaks (genus Quercus) from three geographic regions on two continents, with the goals of determining the extent to which similar sets of weather factors affect masting behavior across species and to explore the ecological basis for the similarities detected. Lag‐1 temporal autocorrelations were predominantly negative, supporting the hypothesis that stored resources play a role in masting behavior across this genus, and we were able to determine environmental variables correlating with acorn production in all but one of the species. Standard weather variables outperformed “differential‐cue” variables based on the difference between successive years in a majority of species, which is consistent with the hypothesis that weather is linked directly to the proximate mechanism driving seed production and that masting in these species is likely to be sensitive to climate change. Based on the correlations between weather variables and acorn production, cluster analysis failed to generate any obvious groups of species corresponding to phylogeny or life‐history. Discriminant function analyses, however, were able to identify the phylogenetic section to which the species belonged and, controlling for phylogeny, the length of time species required to mature acorns, whether they were evergreen or deciduous, and, to a lesser extent, the geographic region to which they are endemic. These results indicate that similar proximate mechanisms are driving acorn production in these species of oaks, that the environmental factors driving seed production in oaks are to some extent phylogenetically conserved, and that the shared mechanisms driving acorn production result in some degree of synchrony among coexisting species in a way that potentially enhances predator satiation, at least when they have acorns requiring the same length of time to mature.

ACS Style

Walter D. Koenig; Reyes Alejano; Maria Dolores Carbonero; Pilar Fernández‐Rebollo; Johannes M. H. Knops; Teodoro Marañón; Carmen M. Padilla‐Díaz; Ian S. Pearse; Ignacio Perez-Ramos; Javier Vázquez‐Piqué; Mario B. Pesendorfer. Is the relationship between mast‐seeding and weather in oaks related to their life‐history or phylogeny? Ecology 2016, 97, 2603 -2615.

AMA Style

Walter D. Koenig, Reyes Alejano, Maria Dolores Carbonero, Pilar Fernández‐Rebollo, Johannes M. H. Knops, Teodoro Marañón, Carmen M. Padilla‐Díaz, Ian S. Pearse, Ignacio Perez-Ramos, Javier Vázquez‐Piqué, Mario B. Pesendorfer. Is the relationship between mast‐seeding and weather in oaks related to their life‐history or phylogeny? Ecology. 2016; 97 (10):2603-2615.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Walter D. Koenig; Reyes Alejano; Maria Dolores Carbonero; Pilar Fernández‐Rebollo; Johannes M. H. Knops; Teodoro Marañón; Carmen M. Padilla‐Díaz; Ian S. Pearse; Ignacio Perez-Ramos; Javier Vázquez‐Piqué; Mario B. Pesendorfer. 2016. "Is the relationship between mast‐seeding and weather in oaks related to their life‐history or phylogeny?" Ecology 97, no. 10: 2603-2615.

Journal article
Published: 13 April 2016 in Journal of Plant Ecology
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AimsExtreme climatic events may have important consequences for plant community structure and composition. In 2005, a severe drought together with a cold winter promoted extensive damage and mortality in shrubland communities of southwest Spain (Doñana National Park). Here, we aim to identify the mechanisms underlying community stability (resistance and resilience) in response to this extreme climatic event, considering changes in the functional structure of these communities.MethodsWe used a trait-based approach, quantifying variations in 10 functional traits at the community level (community weighted means, CWM) and the functional diversity (functional richness, evenness and divergence) in 18 plots at three different times: predating the climatic event (estimated from the sum of the live and dead volume of each species in 2007), and 2 and 8 years after the 2005 episode. We also quantified the differences in functional traits and functional diversity between adult and recruit stages, which allowed us to better understand the contribution of the recruitment to the maintenance of the functional structure and diversity of the community.Important FindingsCommunities with higher functional divergence before the climatic event maintained nearly constant their levels of functional divergence 8 years after, but they were more prone to changes in species composition. Community resistance in terms of vegetation cover was positively correlated with root dry matter content, whereas community resilience was positively correlated with leaf chlorophyll (LChl). We also found that some values (weighted means) of functional community traits (such as root dry matter content and LChl) had increased 2 years after the event, returning to the pre-event conditions after 8 years. In addition, there was hardly any establishment of new species in the community and the recruits did not make substantial differences to the community functional structure. Only seed mass differed significantly between the adult and seedling stages. In summary, the extreme climatic event induced rapid vegetation changes, modifying several functional properties of the community, but, in spite of the occurrence of changes in species composition, a rapid convergence of these shrubland communities took place due to the replacement of species with functional redundancy, thus recovering the initial conditions and supporting the existence of strong mechanisms of functional resilience.

ACS Style

Enrique G. de la Riva; Francisco Lloret; Ignacio Perez-Ramos; Teodoro Marañón; Sandra Saura-Mas; Ricardo Díaz-Delgado; Rafael Villar. The importance of functional diversity in the stability of Mediterranean shrubland communities after the impact of extreme climatic events. Journal of Plant Ecology 2016, 10, 281 -293.

AMA Style

Enrique G. de la Riva, Francisco Lloret, Ignacio Perez-Ramos, Teodoro Marañón, Sandra Saura-Mas, Ricardo Díaz-Delgado, Rafael Villar. The importance of functional diversity in the stability of Mediterranean shrubland communities after the impact of extreme climatic events. Journal of Plant Ecology. 2016; 10 (2):281-293.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Enrique G. de la Riva; Francisco Lloret; Ignacio Perez-Ramos; Teodoro Marañón; Sandra Saura-Mas; Ricardo Díaz-Delgado; Rafael Villar. 2016. "The importance of functional diversity in the stability of Mediterranean shrubland communities after the impact of extreme climatic events." Journal of Plant Ecology 10, no. 2: 281-293.