Fires in underground mines pose significant risks to worker safety. In this study, a digital twin of an underground mine was created, and the heat, gas distribution, and airflow dynamics were investigated during and after the fire using computational fluid dynamics (CFDs) methods at three different locations. While traditional methods did not indicate any problems, the results from the CFDs analyses revealed some important findings. One of the key findings of the study was the change in airflow direction caused by the changing thermodynamic conditions caused by the fire. The digital twin allows us to demonstrate how a fire at any point within the mine can affect the entire mine under these changing thermodynamic conditions. The digital twin enables the real-time monitoring of underground events. Additionally, it facilitates strategic planning to anticipate potential incidents during a fire in an underground mine, allowing for necessary precautions to be implemented.

The removal of toxic gases leaking during excavation in infrastructure projects is crucial for both human health and environmental protection. In this process, Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations are highly valuable for modeling and analyzing complex physical processes associated with the transport and dispersion of gases. During infrastructure projects in geothermal regions, various gases may leak from underground sources. These gases may include toxic and/or flammable substances such as hydrogen sulfide (H₂S), carbon dioxide (CO₂), and methane (CH₄). Designing an effective ventilation system is essential for the removal of toxic gases through ventilation. CFD simulations can be utilized to evaluate the design and performance of ventilation systems. Modeling gas leaks from sources encountered during excavation using CFD simulations can help understand how gases move throughout infrastructure projects and their environmental impacts. CFD simulations can assist in optimizing factors such as the placement of ventilation systems, duct design, air flow rates, and filtration efficiency. This optimization ensures the effective removal of toxic gases and minimizes environmental impacts. CFD simulations can also be used to assess the efficiency and safety of ventilation systems designed for the mitigation of toxic gases. Additionally, simulating the operation of ventilation systems during potential emergency situations can help in evaluating associated risks.