Background: Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) trigger apoptosis in cancer cells, while albumin nanoparticles enable effective drug delivery. This study compares the antitumor and cytotoxic effects of albumin-coated AgNPs (AgNPs-Alb) versus AgNPs on human prostate cancer cell lines. Method: AgNPs-Alb were synthesized and tested against PC3 and LNCaP prostate cancer cell lines. Characterization via Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), and Ultraviolet-Visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy confirmed their properties. IC50 values were determined using MTT assay, with apoptosis assessed by Annexin-V/PI staining. DNA cell cycle was analyzed by PI staining. Migration, proliferation, and nuclear morphology were evaluated through scratch-wound, colony-forming, and Hoechst staining assays. Gene expression of Snail, E-cadherin, VEGF-C, VEGF-A, Bcl2, Bax, and P53 was analyzed using real-time PCR. Results: The IC50 values for AgNPs and AgNPs-Alb were 48 μM and 32 μM in PC3 cells, and 110 μM and 95 μM in LNCaP cells, respectively. AgNPs-Alb significantly inhibited PC3 cell migration compared to AgNPs (p < 0.001) and Bicalutamide (p < 0.0001). In both cell lines, AgNPs-Alb significantly reduced colony formation compared to AgNPs and Bicalutamide (p < 0.05). Flow cytometry revealed a higher percentage of apoptotic cells in PC3 with AgNPs-Alb treatment compared to AgNPs and Bicalutamide. In LNCaP cells, AgNPs-Alb induced a significantly higher percentage of Sub-G1 cells. AgNPs-Alb treatment caused greater mRNA suppression of VEGF-A and a higher Bax/Bcl2 ratio in PC3 and LNCaP cells (p < 0.05). Additionally, a significant increase in P53 and E-cadherin, alongside a decrease in VEGF-C expression in LnCAP cells, was observed (p < 0.05). Conclusions: This study suggests that AgNPs-Alb have stronger anticancer and cytotoxic effects compared to AgNPs alone against PCa cell lines and higher effects were observed on PC3 cells compared to LnCAP cells.

Background: Inguinal hernia is one of the most common causes of surgeries around the world; however, the herniation of the urinary bladder as a recurrence in this region is rare. It can have urinary symptoms with pain and protrusion in the inguinoscrotal region. Case Presentation: We report the case of a 65‐year‐old Iranian male patient who presented with obstructive urinary symptoms and a reducible protrusion in the right inguinoscrotal region. The patient underwent a successful repairment operation in a laparoscopic manner without any intra‐ or postoperative complications. Also, here, we review the risk factors, symptoms, and paraclinics that should be noted regarding the inguinal hernia with visceral organ protrusion. Conclusion: Clinicians must be aware of different symptoms of herniated organs in the inguinal region to avoid unwanted complications.

Background: Prostate cancer is the second most commonly diagnosed cancer worldwide. Although androgen deprivation therapy initially demonstrates clinical benefit, disease relapse with more aggressive phenotypes frequently occurs. The acidic tumor microenvironment in solid tumors may alter drug responsiveness. This study investigates how extracellular pH influences the cytotoxic effects of bicalutamide in human prostate cancer cell lines. Methods: PC3 and LNCaP cells were exposed to bicalutamide at varying concentrations at pH 7.4 and pH 6.8. IC50 values were determined using the MTT assay. Cell migration, apoptosis, and cell cycle distribution were evaluated by wound‐healing assay, annexin V/PI staining, and DNA content analysis, respectively. The expression of BAX , BCL2 , E-cadherin , N-cadherin , SNAI1 , AR , and VEGF-C was quantified by qPCR. Results: Bicalutamide (140 μg/mL) reduced PC3 cell viability to 39.62% at pH 7.4 compared with 51.36% at pH 6.8. In LNCaP cells, viability declined to 33.64% at pH 7.4% and 56.09% at pH 6.8. Treated PC3 cells exhibited significantly greater migration at pH 6.8 ( p < 0.01). Early apoptosis in treated LNCaP cells was significantly reduced at pH 6.8 ( p < 0.001). Both cell lines demonstrated enhanced S phase accumulation and reduced G1‐phase distribution at pH 6.8. The BAX / BCL2 ratio was significantly decreased at pH 6.8, indicating the suppression of proapoptotic signaling. Additionally, genes associated with epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) were upregulated, and VEGF-C and AR expression increased at pH 6.8 ( p < 0.05). Conclusion: The efficacy of bicalutamide in prostate cancer cells is significantly influenced by extracellular pH. The drug exerts stronger cytotoxic, antimigratory, and proapoptotic effects at physiological pH (7.4) compared with acidic conditions (6.8).