In Mexico, protecting forests and jungles through a set of practices and efforts aims at preventing activities that affect them. These practices are divided into three categories within a fire management framework: cultural prevention, physical prevention, and le- gal protection. Within cultural prevention, studies on indices and probability models of fire occurrences stand out. The objective set forth in this work has been to present the different methodological proposals of indices and models developed in Mexico to predict the occurrence of forest fires, analyzing their methodological approaches and variables used. Digital and printed bibliographic materials from the end of the 20th century to 2018 were searched. Thirty-eight models and indexes were identified. The states of Durango and Mexico stand out with more than three studies each. These results make evident the lack of hazard systems in vast regions of the country.

This work illustrates 50 years of the expansion of avocado in the so-called 'avocado belt' of Michoacán, Mexico. Avocado is one of the most important agricultural products of Mexico. The country is the world's largest producer of avocados, with the state of Michoacán being the top producer. Throughout this period, the avocado frontier has been expanding at different paces, but unfortunately, in the last two decades, accelerated expansion has taken place on forested lands, causing severe environmental problems. Through a series of six maps, we showcase the history of this expansion. The maps were prepared by visual interpretation of aerial photographs and very high-resolution satellite imagery for the following years: 1974, 1995, 2007, 2011, 2018, and 2024. All maps were initially produced at scales ranging from 1:5,000 to 1:20,000 and finally brought to the scale of 1:20,000 by cartographic generalization for uniformity in their visual comparison.

La utilización de sensores remotos aerotransportados con alta resolución espectral o hiperespectrales, ha venido incrementándose, paulatinamente, en estudios de elementos sobre la superficie terrestre. En particular, el estudio de cuerpos de agua mediante estos instrumentos ha recibido un gran impulso en los últimos años, en diversos campos de investigación. El objetivo de este trabajo es mostrar una caracterización espacial del arrecife coralino de Cayos Arcas utilizando el sensor hiperespectral aerotransportado CASI (Compact Airborne Spectrographic Imager). Los resultados obtenidos mediante el procesamiento de imágenes muestran que es posible la detección de sedimento (distribución y patrones de transporte), la batimetría y las características fisiográficas de la región entre los aspectos más importantes.

Esta obra ofrece una introducción a la realidad inmersiva y aumentada, así como una sección en que los autores comparten métodos y recomendaciones para elaborar modelos tridimensionales de distintos tipos y materiales (modelos de visión estereoscópica, modelos topográficos en caja de arena de realidad aumentada, maquetas maquinadas con router CNC e impresiones tridimensionales del relieve). Asimismo, se reúnen experiencias del uso de estos modelos como herramienta didáctica, como apoyo y sustento para la divulgación científica, como recurso lúdico y como medio de investigación para el mapeo participativo.

Avocado cultivation in Michoacán, Mexico, has undergone rapid expansion over the past five decades, transforming regional landscapes and economies. This study analyzes the spatial and environmental dynamics of avocado growth from 1974 to 2024, drawing on high-resolution geospatial data. Results show a 20-fold increase in cultivated areas (from 13,000+ to ~266,109 ha) accompanied by significant forest loss (~86,411 hectares) and fragmentation. While avocado production offers economic benefits, it raises concerns about ecological integrity, water access, and social equity. Although the study makes emphasis only on expansion-derived forest cover impacts, these findings underscore the need for spatially explicit governance tools to reconcile agricultural productivity with long-term territorial sustainability. We propose a conceptual framework for avocado sustainable territorial development using the planning principles known as the Triple E: efficacy, efficiency and equity.