Peri-implantitis is a multifactorial inflammatory disease that can compromise the longevity of dental implants. Several studies have investigated the association between genetic variants. This systematic review aimed to assess the contribution of genetic polymorphisms to the risk of developing peri-implantitis. A systematic search was conducted in the PubMed database up to 2025 following the PICO strategy and PRISMA guidelines. Eligible studies met the following inclusion criteria: articles written in English, addressing genetic associations with peri-implantitis in human subjects, designed as clinical trials or observational (prospective or retrospective) studies, with full-text availability, and published within the last ten years. Exclusion criteria included studies in languages other than English, those not addressing the main research question, publications older than ten years, studies without full text, and secondary research such as meta-analyses or review articles. Selection and data extraction were performed independently by two reviewers. Risk of bias was evaluated qualitatively for control studies. Twenty-three studies met the inclusion criteria. Polymorphisms in genes related to inflammatory cytokines (e.g., IL-1β +3954 C/T, IL-10, TNF-α), bone metabolism (OPG, BMP4, FGF10), and immune regulation (CD14 rs2569190, miR-27a-3p) were frequently reported. IL-1β +3954 C/T, ET-1 and IL-1β, MMP-8 rs11225395 (T allele), MMP8 (−799 C/T), and CD14 rs2569190 showed consistent associations with increased peri-implantitis risk, while the results for TNF-α −308 G/A were inconsistent across populations. These findings suggest a potential role of genetic predisposition in peri-implantitis development. Identifying genetic biomarkers may help predict susceptibility and personalize management strategies.

Background/Objectives: Implantoplasty is widely applied in the surgical management of peri-implantitis; however, this procedure releases titanium micro- and nanoparticles whose biological relevance remains uncertain. Understanding whether these particles influence peri-implant tissue health or systemic responses is essential for assessing the long-term safety of implantoplasty. To determine whether titanium particles generated during implantoplasty are associated with peri-implantitis, peri-implant tissue changes, or systemic effects. Methods: This systematic review followed PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Electronic searches were performed in PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane Library for studies published between 2015 and 2025. Eligible in vitro, in vivo, observational, and clinical studies evaluated titanium particle release during or after implantoplasty and its local or systemic effects. Study selection and data extraction were conducted independently, and the risk of bias was assessed using RoB 2, ROBINS-I, and AMSTAR 2. Synthesis was qualitative due to heterogeneity. Certainty of evidence was evaluated with GRADE. Results: Fourteen studies met the inclusion criteria. Titanium particles ranging from 100 nm to 54 µm were consistently detected in peri-implant tissues, with higher levels in peri-implantitis sites, though without consistent clinical association. In vitro data showed dose-dependent inflammatory cytokine release and decreased osteogenic activity, whereas human studies did not confirm a direct relationship between particles and peri-implantitis or marginal bone loss. Certainty of evidence was generally low. Conclusions: Titanium particles generated during implantoplasty are detectable but show no consistent clinical association with peri-implantitis or significant inflammation. Implantoplasty may be applied selectively, although robust long-term clinical studies are still required. No protocol was registered.

This study evaluates the therapeutic effectiveness of diode laser and photobiostimulation (PBS) in the treatment of an oral squamous papilloma in the lingual mucosa in a 69‐year‐old male. The patient was subjected to complete hematological examination, and all parameters were within normal limits. The kind of damage, accessibility, aesthetics, and possibility of bleeding all played a role in the choice of therapy. The lesion was totally excised using the diode laser, and PBS was applied to contribute to healing and reduction of bleeding and inflammation. The patient had no pain throughout this process, which was shown to be a fast and efficient method of therapy. After 30 days, the lesion was fully healed, and 1 year of follow‐up has been completed positively with no recurrences. In conclusion, PBS promoted rapid healing and diode laser is an alternative in these types of oral lesions and a good substitute for traditional surgery.