Efficient water management is crucial for sustainable sugarcane farming, particularly in regions with water scarcity. This study investigated the implementation of an AIoT-based water management system designed to optimize irrigation in sugarcane fields. By integrating Artificial Intelligence (AI) with Internet of Things (IoT) technology, the system leverages real-time data from sensors monitoring soil moisture, weather conditions, and plant health. The AI component employs Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) algorithms to predict optimal irrigation schedules, ensuring precise water delivery tailored to the crop's growth stages. Additionally, the system utilizes solar-powered pumps to enhance sustainability by reducing reliance on non-renewable energy sources. Preliminary results indicated that the AloT system significantly improved water use efficiency, crop yields, and operational cost-effectiveness. This research highlights the potential of AIoT solutions in addressing water management challenges in agriculture, promoting both productivity and environmental conservation.

Rapid and reliable detection of pesticide residues in vegetables is essential for food safety and sustainable agriculture. This work presents a four-port closed-loop ring resonator (CLRR) sensor for quantitative detection of carbamate residues in leafy vegetables. Operating through the S₃₁ transmission path, the sensor enhances electric-field coupling and sensing resolution in the high-field region. Four resonance modes were identified at 1.05, 2.10, 3.12, and 4.11 GHz, with the third mode (3.12 GHz) showing the most stable and linear response. Vegetable extracts of Chinese kale and Choy sum were prepared with carbamate concentrations of 0–8% (w/v). Increasing concentration caused a red-shift in resonance frequency corresponding to a reduction in dielectric constant. Regression analysis revealed a strong linear correlation between frequency shift and concentration (R² = 0.9855–0.9988). The CLRR achieved average normalized sensitivities of 6.39% and 6.54% per unit dielectric variation, outperforming most planar and metamaterial sensors. Fabricated on a single-layer FR-4 substrate, the sensor combines high sensitivity, low cost, and excellent repeatability, offering a practical, label-free, non-destructive tool for on-site monitoring of pesticide contamination in leafy vegetables.

Liver fluke infections, especially those induced by Opisthorchis viverrini, pose considerable health and economic difficulties in aquaculture, particularly in Southeast Asia. Traditional approaches for parasite elimination, including chemical treatments and freezing, exhibit constraints regarding efficacy, environmental sustainability, and practicality. This research investigates an improved dielectric heating system utilizing a 2.45 GHz horn antenna for the selective thermal targeting of parasite-associated regions in Cirrhinus microlepis (small-scale mud carp). The dielectric characteristics of fish tissues, encompassing scales, skin, and muscle, were analyzed utilizing an open-ended coaxial probe technique. Simulation and experimental evaluations were performed to improve energy absorption, heating uniformity, and a particular absorption rate to enable precise thermal localization while preserving the integrity of fish tissue. The findings demonstrate that dielectric heating can specifically elevate the temperature of fish scales, where parasites predominantly inhabit, to levels beyond 70 degrees Celsius, while reducing thermal impact on the underlying muscle tissue. The application of a salt coating on fish scales markedly increased their dielectric loss, exceeding that of muscle tissue, thus enhancing selective heating efficiency and supporting targeted thermal treatment. The ideal distance from the antenna to the sample was established as ranging from 6 to 9 cm, ensuring a balance between energy efficiency and homogeneous heating. This work illustrates the efficacy of dielectric heating as a novel and non-chemical approach for thermal management of parasite-prone tissues in aquaculture, providing a sustainable and viable substitute for traditional treatments.

The Discrete Wavelet Transform is the most powerful and new signal compression technique which uses multi-resolution analysis for analyzing speech signal. This article proposes the frequency loss less comparison of the modern wavelets based on speech compression technique. Haar wavelet (Haar), Biorthogonal wavelet (Bior) and Discrete approximation of Meyer wavelet (Dmey) are investigated in this experiment with eighty speech signal from male and female. The experiments indicated that the Bior provides the best performance in time and frequency domain. Also it can also gain the compression rate as 2.67 to the original speech signal.

This article presents rectangular slot antenna for wireless communication application by adding bobbin-shaped stub tuning in the rectangular slot to enlarge used bandwidth of antenna for supporting wide frequency in GSM850/900, DCS, PCS, UMTS, IMT, Bluetooth, WLAN and WiMAX systems. The prototype antenna has bandwidth of 116.41% (2.24 - 8.48 GHz) under the condition of return loss less than -10 dB and input impedance close to 50Ω. The antenna structure are fabricated on FR4 substrate with overall size 32 × 36 mm2. The proposed antenna is compact and suitable for bi-directional at 2.45 GHz, 3.5 GHz, and 5.2 GHz (wireless communication application). The average gain along radiation direction are 4.03 dBi for 2.5 - 6 GHz. Finally, the comparison of the measurement and simulation results were performed in the same direction.

This article presents the enhancement of bandwidth for rectangular slot antenna with an H and T-shaped slot tuning. The bandwidth was increased from the original antenna by using the T-shaped slot tuning technique and adding the tuning stubs on the both sides of ground plane. The proposed antenna can be applied to ultra-wideband frequency range between 3.1-10.6 GHz based on the IEEE 802.15.3a standard with compact antenna dimension of 30×35 mm ² . In designing the antenna, the simulation software, CST Microwave Studio, was used to study and analyze various parameters and characteristics. The simulation and measurement results were agreed fairly well and they showed that the impedance bandwidth was about 130.49% (2.82-13.41 GHz) which was increased from the original antenna by 53.35%, with the average gain of 4.76 dBi possessing bi-directional radiation pattern.