Increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) resulting from hyperglycemia and inadequate endogenous antioxidant systems are responsible for the complications of diabetes. ROS accumulate in the cell and stimulate apoptosis, which compromises sperm quality and function. We investigated the possible effects of fucoidan, a potent antioxidant with a regulatory effect on blood glucose homeostasis, on the testicular tissues of rats with experimental diabetes. Diabetes was induced by administering 40 mg/kg streptozotocin (STZ) on five consecutive days. Twenty-four Wistar albino male rats were divided into four groups: group 1, control group (CG); group 2, diabetes group (DG); group 3, early fucoidan group (EFG) treated with 50 mg/kg fucoidan after diabetes induction; group 4, late fucoidan group (LFG) treated with the same dose of fucoidan 15 days after diabetes induction. Fucoidan was administered intraperitoneally every two days for four weeks. Basement membrane thickness and Johnsen scores were higher in the DG than in the CG; no difference was found for either the EFG or LFG compared to the CG. Seminiferous tubule diameters of EFG were significantly greater than for the DG. Apoptotic tubule and apoptotic cell indexes were significantly greater in the DG and significantly less in the EFG and LFG groups compared to the CG. Early use of fucoidan in diabetic individuals may minimize damage to testicular tissue.

Formaldehyde is a chemical that can cause various disorders when it enters metabolism. Many products that people use contain formaldehyde. Owing to its tissue fixative properties, scientists who work in life sciences are exposed to this substance more than others. Several studies have shown that formaldehyde affects the CA1 and CA3 regions of the hippocampus, which play crucial roles in memory consolidation. In this study, we aimed to investigate anxiety levels and indicate the short and long term effects of formaldehyde and sex-related differences by exposing formaldehyde to male and female rats. Formaldehyde (10 mg/kg) was administered intraperitoneally for 7 days for acute exposure and 30 days for chronic exposure. Cognitive assessment was performed using fear conditioning, elevated plus maze, and Morris water maze tests. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling staining was used to identify apoptosis in the brains obtained after decapitation. Exposure to intraperitoneal formaldehyde does not impair learning and memory in acute and chronic periods and has no effect on depression or anxiety. After acute exposure, apoptosis was observed in the hippocampal CA1 and CA3 regions in males. When the cognitive test results were examined, no differences were found between the experimental and control groups. There was also no significant difference between males and females.

This study investigated the therapeutic efficacy of locally applied platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) on experimentally induced traumatic tympanic membrane perforations in rats. The study comprised 24 young-adult Sprague Dawley rats (48 ears) randomly allocated into three groups of eight rats each: control group (no intervention), myringotomy group (standard perforation), and myringotomy with PRF application group. Otomicroscopic examinations were performed on days 7 and 14 to evaluate tympanic membrane healing and myringosclerosis development. Two rats from each experimental group were randomly selected for killing on day 7, with the remaining specimens collected on day 14. Histopathological analysis assessed acute and chronic inflammation, lamina propria edema and congestion, sclerosis, fibroblastic reaction, and squamous epithelial layer thickness. The PRF-treated group demonstrated superior healing outcomes compared to the myringotomy-only group. By day 14, complete tympanic membrane closure was achieved in all eight ears of the PRF group versus six of eight ears in the myringotomy group. Electrophysiological measurements revealed significantly improved signal-to-noise ratios in the PRF group, approaching normal levels by day 14 (p < 0.05). Histological examination showed reduced inflammation and better-organized tissue architecture in PRF-treated specimens. PRF application significantly enhanced tympanic membrane healing, accelerated closure time, and improved histological outcomes in traumatic perforations. These findings suggest PRF represents a promising therapeutic option for traumatic tympanic membrane perforation repair, warranting further clinical investigation.

Nasal Septal Perforation (NSP) is a challenging condition with limited treatment options, often resulting in symptoms like nasal obstruction and epistaxis. Nigella Sativa Oil (NSO), known for its anti-inflammatory and regenerative properties, has shown promise in promoting wound healing. This study aims to investigate the effects of NSO on the wound healing process in an experimental NSP model using rats, exploring its potential as a therapeutic agent for NSP treatment. Twenty-two male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly assigned to two groups. Each subject had a Nasal Septal Perforation (NSP) approximately 2 mm in diameter created. NSO (study group) and saline (control group) were applied topically once a day for 14 days. At the end of the 14th day, the rats were sacrificed, and their nasal septa were excised for macroscopic and histopathological examination. Immunohistochemically Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) and Proliferating Nuclear Cell Antigen (PCNA) parameters examined. Tissue morphology was evaluated, collagen density was measured. The macroscopic closure rate of the NSPs and the histopathological parameters were analyzed statistically. NSO group showed significantly higher collagen density, surface morphology score, International Cartilage Repair Society (ICRS) matrix examination score, PCNA immunoreactivity and macroscopic closure rate of NSPs compared to the saline group (p < 0.05). In terms of VEGF immunoreactivity, no difference was detected between both groups (p > 0.05). Locally administered NSO may enhance wound healing in the nasal septum within an experimental NSP model, suggesting that NSO could be an effective alternative or adjunctive treatment for NSP, promoting better clinical outcomes. Level 3.