In this study, for the first time Brij 58 was used for the spectrophotometric determination of sunset yellow (SY) (E-110) in pharmaceutical preparations and powdered beverages after cloud point extraction (CPE). Certain parameters such as pH, surfactant concentration, extraction time and temperature, centrifuge speed and salt concentration were optimized. Linear range in the optimum conditions was 0.01 – 4.00 mg mL-1 and the correlation coefficient was 0.9995. The limit of detection (LOD) and the limit of quantification (LOQ) of this method were 0.0078 mg mL-1 and 0.0261 mg mL-1, respectively.

This study describes a capillary zone electrophoretic method for the determination of patulin. An optimum run buffer was found to be 25 mM of sodium tetraborate and 10% acetonitrile (v/v) at pH 10. Optimum conditions were determined to be: an applied voltage of 25 kV (normal polarity), temperature of 25°C and injection time of 10 s at 50 mbar; the signals of patulin and phenobarbital as internal standard were detected at 276 nm. The method was highly reproducible, with relative standard deviations of 0.02–0.85 for intra-day and 0.04–0.42 for inter-day for standard patulin. Acceptable linearity [y = 0.0020C (μg/L) – 0.0680 (r = 0.9999)] was obtained over a concentration range of 0.25 to 4.99 µg/mL of patulin. The limits of detection and quantification were calculated to be 5.9 × 10⁻³ and 1.79 × 10⁻² µg/mL, respectively. Recovery was 68.0%. The proposed method was applied to 21 apple juice samples purchased from different Turkish markets, and two were found to contain higher than the limits of the European Union Directive for patulin.

Indacaterol is a new inhaled ultra-long acting beta(2)-agonist. It has been recently approved in the European Union for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. This paper reports, for the first time, a method for the determination and validation of Indacaterol (IND) using an internal standard in capsules. Capillary electrophoretic separation was performed on an uncoated fused-silica capillary (50 cm effective length, 75 mu m i.d.) and background electrolyte composed of 20 mmol L-1 of sodium tetraborate buffer, 15% (v/v) methanol (pH = 10.0) with the application of 20 kV of potential; 10 s at 5 x 10(3) N M-2 (50 mbar) of injection time; and wavelength of 200 nm and 25 degrees C of temperature. The linearity was evaluated in the range of 4.90 x 10(-6) mol L-1 (2.50 mu g mL(-1)) and 3.94 x 10(-5) mol L-1 (20.00 mu g mL(-1)), with R = 0.9993 for inter-day. LOD and LOQ values were 2.18 x 10(-8) mol L-1 (0.011 mu g mL(-1)) and 7.25 x 10(-8) mol L-1 (0.037 mu g mL(-1)) for inter-day, respectively. The precision values were 0.50-1.06% for intra-day and 2.12% for inter-day as RSD%. The accuracy was tested by the standard addition method with the recovery values being between 98.79 and 99.09 as percentages with RSD% interval of 0.01-0.80. The developed method was validated according to ICH guidelines. Indacaterol was successfully determined in Arcapta((R)) capsule dosage form by the validated CE method with a relative error of 0.28%. The result was within the requirements of the USP 34-NF29. Therefore, the validated method may be used for the determination of Indacaterol in its capsules in quality control laboratories. Copyright (C) 2017, Food and Drug Administration, Taiwan. Published by Elsevier Taiwan LLC. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license.

A capillary zone electrophoretic method for the determination of zearalenone is described in this study. In the separation, a run buffer consisting of 20 mM sodium tetraborate at pH 9.0 with 15% acetonitrile applying 15 kV, injecting 10 s at 50 mbar was utilized. Phenobarbital was a suitable internal standard and the signals were recorded at 254 nm. Zearalanon and internal standard appeared at 5.46 min (RSD% 0.20) and 6.35 min (RSD% 0.18), respectively. The repeatability results are in the range of 0.01–1.58 for inter-day. The linearity was investigated in the range of 5.20 × 10⁻⁷ M to 7.86 × 10⁻⁵ M ZEA and it was linear fitting to the equation of [rPN = 244803.8 C(M) −0.0348; r = 0.9999]. The LOD and LOQ were calculated to be 2.70 × 10⁻⁸ M (8.25 µg/L) and 8.17 × 10⁻⁸ M (25 µg/L), respectively. Then, the method was successfully applied to the analysis of ZEA in poultry feeds, flour of maize, grain, and certain cereal samples such as fibrous biscuit, popcorn, and rice crisp.

Ultrasound-assisted cloud point microextraction (UA-CPME) was performed for certain preservatives (p-hydroxy benzoic acid and its alkyl esters, methyl, ethyl, propyl and butyl parabens).