Senegal is located in a malaria-endemic zone. Malaria is a highly climate-sensitive vector-borne disease, yet its sentinel surveillance shows a weak integration of malaria morbidity data with climatic factors. Therefore, it is useful to analyse the correlation between these factors in Senegal from 2012 to 2019. An analytical cross-sectional study of malaria incidence rate (MIR) with its climatic factors from 2012 to 2019 was carried out. This was followed by predictive modelling of MIR and its climatic factors from 2020 to 2023. A reconstituted database, incorporating data from National Malaria Control Program (initiated by Ministry of Health) and National Agency for Civil Aviation and Meteorology, enabled a multi-variate analysis through a vector auto regression approach using Microsoft Excel 2010 and R 3.6.1 software. MIR evolved in three phases: initially almost zero from January to May, then gradually increases with an accentuation in August–September, and finally gradually decreases from November to December. However, unlike Podor (0.11 ‰), MIR heterogeneity was seen in Kédougou (12.55 ‰) and Bakel (7.34 ‰). Apart from wind strength and mean temperature which moved in the opposite directions, all other climatic factors evolved in the same dynamics as MIR. MIR followed changes in rainfall and hygrometry with an average lag of (2.5 ± 1.0) months and (1.0 ± 0.5) months, respectively. The causal links between MIR and rainfall showed a decreasing trend in Dakar (P = 4.18 × 10⁻⁶), Ziguinchor (P = 7.95 × 10⁻⁴), Diourbel (P = 1.91 × 10⁻³), Kédougou (P = 4.03 × 10⁻³), and Bakel (P = 3.32 × 10⁻²). In Bakel, additional associations were observed between MIR and both minimum temperature (P = 5.87 × 10⁻³) and maximum temperature (P = 1.22 × 10⁻²) temperatures. Predictive modelling shows an overall downward trend for MIR from 2020 to 2023, with its climatic factors preceding MIR by an average of two months. This study highlights the importance of synchronous, multi-sectoral, and integrated surveillance of malaria alongside climatic factors to more effectively meet pre-elimination requirements in Senegal.

Given the importance of immunization, establishing an innovative strategy through a community tool, "infant monitoring booklet (IMB)," seemed necessary in Goudomp to improve immunization coverage and birth registration for infants aged 0-23 months. A before-and-after evaluative study of the strategy, co-created and jointly implemented by town halls and health district actors and community health workers, was conducted in Goudomp. Sampling was exhaustive, taking into account all filled IMBs available. Data collection was performed using the District Health Information System 2 platform with a locally structured closed template configured on Excel 2010 software. The availability of IMBs in Goudomp's villages/neighborhoods was 83%, of which 99.5% were up to date, enabling the enrollment of 3949 infants, 77% of whom were up to date on the Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI). Of these, 76% had been fully vaccinated. Indeed, before using IMB, only 56% of the EPI antigens achieved at least 90% coverage, whereas it reached 100% after implementation of the IMB strategy. The latter also allowed 1351 infants, representing 44% of EPI-monitored infants, to be referred to town halls for birth registration. Finally, 53% of Goudomp's town halls registered more births after IMB's strategy implementation than before owing to IMB use. IMB jointly met Senegal's EPI and birth registration requirements.

Located in southern Senegal, Goudomp covers 23.9% of the Sedhiou region territory. It was home to the largest number of people living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLHIV) in Sedhiou, as well as one of the hottest spots in this border region. Faced with this threatening situation and the scarcity of resources, the Goudomp health authorities implemented a strategy to improve equity and access to healthcare through a mobile multi- and transdisciplinary team for HIV infection management (M2T2-HIV). Thus, in less than a year, the strategy boosted HIV screening by 10.5%, while increasing the proportion of voluntary screening campaigns from 42.7 to 79.5%, with a particular focus on vulnerable groups (MSM, sex workers, injecting drug users and people living with a disability). Antiretroviral treatment initiation and drop-out rates improved, respectively, from 73 to 94% and from 72.7 to 30%. Finally, M2T2-HIV not only boosted TB-HIV co-infection detection by 46.2%, but, above all, reduced the death rate among those recently screened for HIV and HIV-positive patients on ART from 21 to 15% and 31 to 18%, respectively. Nevertheless, there remain major challenges, hence the need to extend the strategy to other diseases in order to better combat the co-morbidities that kill more PLHIV. Information: © The Authors 2025

Malaria remains a major cause of illness and death among children under five in Senegal, particularly in remote areas inhabited by transhumant herders who have limited access to health services. To address these gaps, the National Malaria Control Program implemented a community-based home management (CBHM) strategy in the Ferlo region of Matam, integrating One Health principles to engage animal and environmental health actors. A cross-sectional study was carried out describing the said CBHM-Ferlo strategy. Data were collected by document review and activity report exploitation on the DHIS2 platform. It focused on the IMCI target group (children under five) living in a mobile (transhumance) mode. The community-based home care providers (CBHCPs) were selected within and by their own transhumant herder's community to early detect and care of childhood illness (diarrhea, respiratory infection, malaria, etc.) on the one hand; and to reinforce vitamin A supplementation, deworming and immunization coverage on the other hand. The strategy's principle was “Making the home, the first ‘hospital’ of communities” with a total of 2307 cases seen by CBHCPs including 1464 cases of fever. The malaria testing rate of 98.9 % with a positivity rate of 21.1 %, 96.4 % of which were on artemisinin-based combination therapies. Regarding diarrhea, 209 cases were detected with 67.9 % of treatment rate based on oral rehydration solution and zinc. In terms of respiratory infections, cough/cold occurred in 96.5 % of cases, and pneumonia cases were treated 55.6 % of cases with amoxicillin. Finally, 1156 children were supplemented with vitamin A, while 443 children were dewormed, and 129 children were raised awareness and referred for immunization. Thus, CBHM-Ferlo strategy improved the care of childhood illness in Matam in 2024, and above all highlights the added value of One Health and transdisciplinary approaches.

Contexte : Grand-Bassam joue un rôle économique clé en Côte d’Ivoire grâce à l’aviculture et au tourisme. Elle accueille également des aires de repos pour les oiseaux migrateurs, potentiels réservoirs de l’influenza aviaire hautement pathogène (IAHP). Son marché de volailles présente toutefois des insuffisances en biosécurité. Objectif : Cette étude visait à déterminer si le mode de gestion de l’épizootie de 2021 avait favorisé ou limité la propagation du virus. Méthodes : Une analyse territorialisée, basée sur l’approche « Une seule santé », a été menée en mai 2023. Une enquête rétrospective a permis d’identifier les acteurs de la riposte et leurs interactions. En parallèle, une régression logistique sur les données épidémiologiques a identifié les facteurs de risque et cartographié les zones sensibles. Résultats : Les principaux acteurs de la riposte étaient la Direction départementale de la santé animale et la Direction nationale des services vétérinaires. Par ailleurs, 60 % des intervenants mobilisés ne possédaient ni profil scientifique ni expertise technique. L’analyse territoriale et intégrée des risques a mis en évidence plusieurs facteurs clés contribuant à l’aggravation de la flambée d’IAHP, notamment des facteurs : (i) environnementaux, tels que la présence d’une aire de repos à 10 km ou plus et la distance d’au moins 15 km par rapport à un marché de volailles ; (ii) liés à l’élevage, notamment le mode d’élevage traditionnel et la présence d’un cheptel de pintades d’au moins 85 individus. Aucun lien significatif n’a été observé pour les ansériformes (canards et oies). Conclusions : L’étude met en évidence la diffusion accrue de l’IAHP en périphérie du zonage de riposte, soulignant l’importance d’un renforcement du réseau de réponse. Elle recommande une approche territoriale et transdisciplinaire pour améliorer la résilience et propose un suivi synchrone combinant détection précoce chez l’avifaune et dépistage des populations à risque.

Located in central-western Senegal, Fatick is a pastoralist area with over 26 health facilities, including Ndiaye-Ndiaye Health Post. The latter notified a Rift Valley fever (RVF) case during the 41st epidemiological week (EW), while outbreaks were noted in northern Senegal and its border country. Thus to investigate this outbreak, despite the COVID-19 pandemic context, a cross-sectional study (respecting ethical considerations) was conducted in October 2020 using a systemic and One Health approach. Data were collected by a multisectoral and transdisciplinary team using observation, literature reviews, interviews and other specific tools (Biogents-Sentinel). Analysis used Excel ²⁰¹⁰ ®, EpiInfo ^TM/7.2.4.0 ® and QGIS® software. Findings confirmed, according to Senegalese adapted WHO’s case definitions, the RVF outbreak in Fatick with already two human cases and one animal case. Further field investigation showed that among human 19.8% consulted at the 42nd EW, 89% complained of headaches versus 34% of asthenia. The most affected age group was 25–50 years old with women predominating including 38%, 32% and 8% of students, housewives and shopkeepers, respectively. Travel was most prevalent in Dakar and Touba (31%), while the most visited facilities were Ndiaye-Ndiaye (35%) and Peulga (20%), versus Emetteur (2%). Regarding animal health, 40 animals were sampled from five herds, including 35% under 1 year old, 67.5% females, 95% ovines and 32.5% local breeds. Finally, entomo-environmental surveys confirmed an ecology favourable to RVF and identified 33% of competent vector species, including Culex quinquefasciatus . Elsewhere, 139 ticks were collected from livestock and a moderate dissemination risk (risk-criticality: 36%) was assessed in Fatick and the surrounding area. Information: © The Authors 2025