This study aimed to evaluate the yield, color, and chemical composition of Eugenia uniflora essential oils collected from different regions of the Rio de Janeiro (in situ), and to describe the observed diversity based on statistical analyses. A total of 42 samples were collected, essential oils were obtained by hydrodistillation of leaves, with yield expressed as percentage, and analyzed by GC–FID and GC–MS. Descriptive and multivariate statistical analyses were applied for chemical differentiation and classification. Essential oil yields ranged from 0.26% to 3.49%, with the lowest values observed in reddish samples. Seventy‐two compounds were detected, of which 49 were identified. Oxygenated sesquiterpenes were the most abundant constituents in the analyzed essential oils, accounting for an average of 69% of the natural product. Cluster analysis revealed three chemical profiles comprising the largest number of samples, a result corroborated by principal component analysis. Nine different chemotypes were identified, most of which were primarily composed of curzerene ( 1 )—a cope rearrangement artifact—and selina‐1,3,7(11)‐trien‐8‐one ( 7 ). The yield, color, and chemical composition of E. uniflora essential oils varied among the samples analyzed. The identification of multiple chemotypes of E. uniflora highlights the chemical diversity and its potential applicability across various industrial sectors.

Brazil is recognized for its rich biodiversity, including aromatic species of economic importance, among which Baccharis dracunculifolia De Candole (1836) stands out. The essential oil distilled from this species exhibits biological and therapeutic activities. Despite its relevance, studies addressing the chemodiversity of this species on a broad scale remain scarce. This study aimed to map and characterize the chemical and physicochemical profiles of B. dracunculifolia essential oils from different regions of the state of Rio de Janeiro, considering the influence of geographic factors and plant sex. Fifty georeferenced accessions of B. dracunculifolia were collected in 2023 and 2025, and dried leaves were subjected to hydrodistillation. The essential oils were characterized through physicochemical analyses and chemically analyzed by GC-FID and GC-MS. Essential oil yields ranged from 0.34 to 2.17%, relative density from 0.89 to 0.96 g/cm³, refractive index from 1.485 to 1.497 n^D, and specific optical rotation from −12.56° to +6.80°. Sixty-two compounds were identified, predominantly oxygenated sesquiterpenes, with E-nerolidol (16.8–51.0%), spathulenol, bicyclogermacrene, and germacrene D as the main compounds. Multivariate analysis revealed five chemical profiles, all containing E-nerolidol as the major compound, indicating moderate to low chemical diversity. No significant differences were observed between the essential oils from female and male plants. However, variation in the chemical profile of the essential oil was observed as a function of year and altitude.