Latar belakang. Pemeriksaan pH-metri konvensional terbatas karena hanya mendeteksi refluks asam, sedangkan MII-pH mampu mendeteksi refluks asam maupun non-asam serta mengaitkannya dengan gejala.Tujuan. Merangkum bukti terkini mengenai prinsip, indikasi, teknik, serta kelebihan dan keterbatasan MII-pH pada anak.Metode. Penelusuran pustaka dilakukan melalui PubMed, Embase, The Cochrane Library, dan portal jurnal pediatrik nasional. Artikel yang relevan ditelaah secara naratif.Hasil. MII-pH dapat mendeteksi berbagai jenis refluks, menentukan arah dan ketinggian refluks, serta mengevaluasi klirens bolus esofagus. Meskipun demikian, pemeriksaan ini masih terbatas karena ketersediaan alat, kebutuhan keahlian interpretasi, dan ketidaknyamanan prosedur.Kesimpulan. MII-pH merupakan modalitas yang lebih akurat dibandingkan pH-metri konvensional dan dapat berperan menjadi teknologi diagnostik yang mengubah cara memahami dan mengobati penyakit refluks gastroesofagus pada anak.

Background and Objectives: Reports of respiratory function in COVID-19 survivors are still rare, especially in children. This study aims to determine the prevalence and prognostic factors that influence long-term respiratory function in children after COVID-19. Materials and Methods: An observational analytical study with a retrospective cohort design was conducted between January and June 2024. The subjects were pediatric patients aged 5–18 years with confirmed history of COVID-19. Respiratory function was evaluated with spirometry. The analyzed prognostic factors included clinical classification of COVID-19, gender, age, comorbidities, history of ventilator support, history of hospitalization and persistent symptoms. Results: A total of 100 subjects were included in this study. The subjects were 53% female, 52% aged ≥ 12–18 years, and 76% had at least one comorbidity, the most common being obesity (27%). The majority (73%) had a history of mild COVID-19, and 78% were not hospitalized. The prevalence of impaired lung function was 47%, dominated by restrictive lung pattern. The prevalence of long COVID was 18%, with the most common symptom being fatigue (13%). The presence of persistent symptom is significantly associated with abnormal spirometry result (p = 0.03, RR 1.99; 95% CI 1.38–2.87). Undernourished status and moderate-to-severe and critical COVID-19 significantly influence long-term respiratory function with p = 0.002, aOR 5.64; CI 95% 1.89–16.85 and p = 0.006, aOR 5.18; and CI 95% 1.59–16.89, respectively. Conclusions: The prevalence of impaired lung function in children after COVID-19 was 47%. Persistent symptoms, undernourished status, and moderate-to-critical severity of COVID-19 were found to be associated with impaired long-term respiratory function in post-COVID-19 pediatric patients. Further prospective studies are needed to confirm these findings and clarify causal mechanisms.