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Ms. Rocío Escandón
Department of Architectural Constructions I, University of Seville, 41012 Seville, Spain

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0 Climate Change
0 Energy Efficiency
0 Energy Simulation
0 Social Housing
0 Thermal Comfort

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Social Housing
Thermal Comfort
energy retrofitting
Climate Change
Energy Efficiency
Energy Simulation

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Journal article
Published: 03 March 2021 in Sustainability
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Research studies have shown the potential effects of indoor environmental quality (IEQ) on pupils’ health and academic performance. The COVID-19 pandemic has prompted renewed interest in the assessment of deficient indoor air quality (IAQ) conditions in schools and has become a priority over achieving adequate comfort conditions. Scientific studies confirm aerosols as one of the transmission routes of SARS-CoV-2 so that the possibility of airborne transmission increases in indoor environments with high occupancy, such as classrooms. As a result, international protocols and guidelines have established a requirement for educational buildings to over-ventilate with a fresh outdoor air supply. The main object of this work is to analyse the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on thermal comfort and indoor air quality, in winter, in two classrooms of southern Spain. Thus, onsite measurements of environmental variables were conducted before and during the pandemic. Both classrooms have mechanical ventilation systems as they are within a recently built primary school (2018). Results shows a decrease of 300 ppm in CO2 weekly average values during the pandemic, when hybrid ventilation is used, and a decrease of 400 ppm when schools are naturally ventilated during all teaching hours. However, the analysis of standards shows that over 60% of hours are thermal discomfort conditions.

ACS Style

Alicia Alonso; Jesús Llanos; Rocío Escandón; Juan Sendra. Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Indoor Air Quality and Thermal Comfort of Primary Schools in Winter in a Mediterranean Climate. Sustainability 2021, 13, 2699 .

AMA Style

Alicia Alonso, Jesús Llanos, Rocío Escandón, Juan Sendra. Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Indoor Air Quality and Thermal Comfort of Primary Schools in Winter in a Mediterranean Climate. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (5):2699.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Alicia Alonso; Jesús Llanos; Rocío Escandón; Juan Sendra. 2021. "Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Indoor Air Quality and Thermal Comfort of Primary Schools in Winter in a Mediterranean Climate." Sustainability 13, no. 5: 2699.

Journal article
Published: 29 February 2020 in Building and Environment
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Exposure to noise is proven to have important repercussions on human comfort and health conditions. In recent decades, efforts to increase awareness among users have focused on highlighting the benefits of an appropriate acoustic indoor environment. In addition, given the significant increase in complaints about noise, the control, reduction, and limitation of sound transmission have become important issues to be considered in acoustic retrofit work in buildings. Much of the housing stock was built in a period characterized by the limitation or absence of standards, and renovation interventions should be geared towards existing buildings. However, despite the major potential to improve quality of life, only a handful of countries consider old buildings in their national Building Codes and regulations. The main aim of this work is to develop a comparative study of the acoustic requirements for indoor sound insulation between dwellings of existing buildings established in current building regulations around the world. The analysis of the documents concludes that the usual difference between requirements for new and existing buildings is 5 dB, both for airborne sound insulation and impact sound insulation. To this end, this paper provides the basis for discussion regarding future cooperation for the optimization of acoustic regulations for old buildings.

ACS Style

Alicia Alonso; Jorge Patricio; Rafael Suárez; Rocío Escandón. Acoustical retrofit of existing residential buildings: Requirements and recommendations for sound insulation between dwellings in Europe and other countries worldwide. Building and Environment 2020, 174, 106771 .

AMA Style

Alicia Alonso, Jorge Patricio, Rafael Suárez, Rocío Escandón. Acoustical retrofit of existing residential buildings: Requirements and recommendations for sound insulation between dwellings in Europe and other countries worldwide. Building and Environment. 2020; 174 ():106771.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Alicia Alonso; Jorge Patricio; Rafael Suárez; Rocío Escandón. 2020. "Acoustical retrofit of existing residential buildings: Requirements and recommendations for sound insulation between dwellings in Europe and other countries worldwide." Building and Environment 174, no. : 106771.

Journal article
Published: 12 June 2019 in Energies
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The Climate Change scenario projected by the IPCC for the year 2050 predicts noticeable increases in temperature. In severe summer climates, such as the Mediterranean area, this would have very negative effects on thermal comfort in the existing housing stock, given the current high percentage of dwellings which are obsolete in energy terms and house a population at serious risk of energy poverty. The main aim of this paper is to generate a predictive model in order to assess the impact of this future climate scenario on thermal comfort conditions in an entire building category. To do so, calibrated models representing linear-type social multi-family buildings, dating from the post-war period and located in southern Spain, will be simulated extensively using transient energy analyses performed by EnergyPlus. In addition, a sensitivity analysis will be performed to identify the most influential parameters on thermal discomfort. The main results predict a generalized deterioration in indoor thermal comfort conditions due to global warming, increasing the average percentage of discomfort hours during the summer by more than 35%. This characterization of the future thermal behaviour of the residential stock in southern Spain could be a trustworthy tool for decision-making in energy retrofitting projects which are so badly needed. To do so, further work is required on some limitations of this model so that different user profiles and typologies can be represented in detail and an economic assessment can be included.

ACS Style

Rocío Escandón; Rafael Suárez; Juan José Sendra; Fabrizio Ascione; Nicola Bianco; Gerardo Maria Mauro. Predicting the Impact of Climate Change on Thermal Comfort in A Building Category: The Case of Linear-type Social Housing Stock in Southern Spain. Energies 2019, 12, 2238 .

AMA Style

Rocío Escandón, Rafael Suárez, Juan José Sendra, Fabrizio Ascione, Nicola Bianco, Gerardo Maria Mauro. Predicting the Impact of Climate Change on Thermal Comfort in A Building Category: The Case of Linear-type Social Housing Stock in Southern Spain. Energies. 2019; 12 (12):2238.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Rocío Escandón; Rafael Suárez; Juan José Sendra; Fabrizio Ascione; Nicola Bianco; Gerardo Maria Mauro. 2019. "Predicting the Impact of Climate Change on Thermal Comfort in A Building Category: The Case of Linear-type Social Housing Stock in Southern Spain." Energies 12, no. 12: 2238.

Journal article
Published: 15 January 2019 in Energy Policy
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Much of the social housing stock in southern Europe is obsolete in energy terms, with users who also present very specific socio-economic profiles requiring in-depth study. Proposals for this type of housing stock of current energy retrofitting policies, based on standardized user patterns, will only contribute to increasing the ‘performance gap’ between real and estimated consumption. This study evaluates the thermal comfort conditions and energy consumption in the specific case of social housing in southern Spain, under a severe summer climate. This evaluation is based on in-situ data measurements of three housing units in use. This paper aims to test which adaptive comfort models work best in the specific conditions of the case studies and to identify the user behaviours which reduce thermal comfort. Thus, real user patterns were established and measured data were analysed. The results show that the case studies are in discomfort conditions during a high percentage of occupied hours, mainly due to the severe climate and the unsuitable use of passive measures including natural night-time ventilation and solar protection. This situation worsens with limited use of local cooling systems due to financial constraints. National regulations should define different retrofitting targets based on climatic and socio-economic conditions.

ACS Style

Rocío Escandón; Rafael Suárez; Juan J. Sendra. Field assessment of thermal comfort conditions and energy performance of social housing: The case of hot summers in the Mediterranean climate. Energy Policy 2019, 128, 377 -392.

AMA Style

Rocío Escandón, Rafael Suárez, Juan J. Sendra. Field assessment of thermal comfort conditions and energy performance of social housing: The case of hot summers in the Mediterranean climate. Energy Policy. 2019; 128 ():377-392.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Rocío Escandón; Rafael Suárez; Juan J. Sendra. 2019. "Field assessment of thermal comfort conditions and energy performance of social housing: The case of hot summers in the Mediterranean climate." Energy Policy 128, no. : 377-392.

Journal article
Published: 08 January 2019 in Applied Thermal Engineering
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A significant part of the housing stock in southern Europe is obsolete and in need of extensive retrofitting to improve its energy performance and thermal comfort. However, before adequate retrofit measures can be proposed for this housing stock, the characterization of current building performance is fundamental. Although the simulation tools frequently used and widely accepted by the scientific community ensure accurate results, these require high computational times. The main aim of this paper is the development of a surrogate model to speed up the thermal comfort prediction for any member of a building category, ensuring high reliability by testing the entire simulation process with real data measured in-situ. To this end, an artificial neural network (ANN) is generated under MATLAB® environment using the data obtained from EnergyPlus simulations for linear-type social housing multi-family buildings in southern Spain, which were constructed in the post-war period. The developed ANN provides a regression coefficient between simulation targets and ANN outputs of 0.96, with a relative error between monitored and simulated data below 9%. A further result is that the building category characterization shows a general lack of suitable indoor thermal comfort conditions, thereby showing the great need for effective retrofit strategies.

ACS Style

Rocío Escandón; Fabrizio Ascione; Nicola Bianco; Gerardo Maria Mauro; Rafael Suarez; Juan J. Sendra. Thermal comfort prediction in a building category: Artificial neural network generation from calibrated models for a social housing stock in southern Europe. Applied Thermal Engineering 2019, 150, 492 -505.

AMA Style

Rocío Escandón, Fabrizio Ascione, Nicola Bianco, Gerardo Maria Mauro, Rafael Suarez, Juan J. Sendra. Thermal comfort prediction in a building category: Artificial neural network generation from calibrated models for a social housing stock in southern Europe. Applied Thermal Engineering. 2019; 150 ():492-505.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Rocío Escandón; Fabrizio Ascione; Nicola Bianco; Gerardo Maria Mauro; Rafael Suarez; Juan J. Sendra. 2019. "Thermal comfort prediction in a building category: Artificial neural network generation from calibrated models for a social housing stock in southern Europe." Applied Thermal Engineering 150, no. : 492-505.

Journal article
Published: 16 August 2018 in Sustainability
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According to the IPCC Climate Change projections by 2050 temperatures in southern Spain will have increased noticeably during the summer. Housing—in its current form—will not be able to provide a suitable response to this new climate scenario, and will in turn prompt an increase in cooling energy consumption and a series of problems relating to health and comfort. The DesignBuilder simulation tool was used to quantify the impact of this future climate scenario on energy demand, as well as its effect under free-running conditions on indoor temperature. Different passive conditioning strategies were evaluated to establish their influence on the indoor comfort conditions. The case study examined a theoretical single-family residential unit model in order to establish guidelines for the pre-selection of the most suitable passive solutions. The results show that passive conditioning strategies analysed (envelope treatment, solar gain protection and night-time natural ventilation) reduce energy demand and indoor temperatures, thus increasing energy efficiency and improving indoor comfort conditions. Therefore, these passive conditioning strategies reduce the cooling energy consumption.

ACS Style

Rafael Suárez; Rocío Escandón; Ramón López-Pérez; Ángel Luis León-Rodríguez; Tillmann Klein; Sacha Silvester. Impact of Climate Change: Environmental Assessment of Passive Solutions in a Single-Family Home in Southern Spain. Sustainability 2018, 10, 2914 .

AMA Style

Rafael Suárez, Rocío Escandón, Ramón López-Pérez, Ángel Luis León-Rodríguez, Tillmann Klein, Sacha Silvester. Impact of Climate Change: Environmental Assessment of Passive Solutions in a Single-Family Home in Southern Spain. Sustainability. 2018; 10 (8):2914.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Rafael Suárez; Rocío Escandón; Ramón López-Pérez; Ángel Luis León-Rodríguez; Tillmann Klein; Sacha Silvester. 2018. "Impact of Climate Change: Environmental Assessment of Passive Solutions in a Single-Family Home in Southern Spain." Sustainability 10, no. 8: 2914.

Journal article
Published: 06 April 2018 in Energy and Buildings
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Users’ behaviour and indoor climate are two leading aspects that must be taken into account if we want the retrofitting of the housing stock to contribute to CO2 reduction, comfort improvement and reduction of living costs. The integrated facade module evaluated in this paper, which constitutes an approach to zero energy renovation, includes a preliminary study for the identification of target occupants and their characteristics and requirements that will guide the design decisions. The proposed strategy primarily focuses on the case of social rental multi-family housing stock in the Netherlands, but should provide insights in the application of the concept in Europe. This paper presents the analysis of the adaptability of this solution to the Mediterranean climate, taking into account the specific characteristics of the occupants of this climatic zone. The results showed an improved performance of building after the application of the evaluated solution in southern Spain, but with lower savings on the energy demand than in the Netherlands, so the economic investment should be reduced in this case. Also, the inclusion in the solution of some variables, such as the forced night-time ventilation for passive cooling and the insulation thickness reduction, were tested and proved to be an optimisation of its performance in the Mediterranean climate. Overall, the study concluded that the proposed refurbishment strategy has the potential to be implemented in different climates, particularly if certain modification in the facade operation is considered.

ACS Style

R. Escandón; Sacha Silvester; T. Konstantinou. Evaluating the environmental adaptability of a nearly zero energy retrofitting strategy designed for Dutch housing stock to a Mediterranean climate. Energy and Buildings 2018, 169, 366 -378.

AMA Style

R. Escandón, Sacha Silvester, T. Konstantinou. Evaluating the environmental adaptability of a nearly zero energy retrofitting strategy designed for Dutch housing stock to a Mediterranean climate. Energy and Buildings. 2018; 169 ():366-378.

Chicago/Turabian Style

R. Escandón; Sacha Silvester; T. Konstantinou. 2018. "Evaluating the environmental adaptability of a nearly zero energy retrofitting strategy designed for Dutch housing stock to a Mediterranean climate." Energy and Buildings 169, no. : 366-378.

Journal article
Published: 01 October 2017 in Energy and Buildings
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ACS Style

Rocío Escandón; Rafael Suarez; Juan J. Sendra. On the assessment of the energy performance and environmental behaviour of social housing stock for the adjustment between simulated and measured data: The case of mild winters in the Mediterranean climate of southern Europe. Energy and Buildings 2017, 152, 418 -433.

AMA Style

Rocío Escandón, Rafael Suarez, Juan J. Sendra. On the assessment of the energy performance and environmental behaviour of social housing stock for the adjustment between simulated and measured data: The case of mild winters in the Mediterranean climate of southern Europe. Energy and Buildings. 2017; 152 ():418-433.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Rocío Escandón; Rafael Suarez; Juan J. Sendra. 2017. "On the assessment of the energy performance and environmental behaviour of social housing stock for the adjustment between simulated and measured data: The case of mild winters in the Mediterranean climate of southern Europe." Energy and Buildings 152, no. : 418-433.

Journal article
Published: 12 June 2017 in Informes de la Construcción
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En los años 50 surge una revisión del Movimiento Moderno, que incorpora la seriación modular y la conexión con el contexto ambiental, aunque con unas premisas alejadas de los actuales paradigmas de sostenibilidad. En este contexto, dentro del ámbito nacional, destaca el pabellón de España de la Exposición Universal de Bruselas de 1958, de Corrales y Molezún. Este trabajo pretende desvelar cuantitativamente el comportamiento ambiental del pabellón en sus dos ubicaciones y configuraciones, Bruselas y Madrid, mediante la simulación y análisis de los modelos energéticos y lumínicos que reproducen las características del pabellón, con el fin de aportar un nuevo enfoque crítico, valorando la eficiencia del módulo para adaptarse a distintas condiciones ambientales. El análisis realizado revela la influencia del clima, la compacidad y la orientación, así como la problemática del confort térmico asociado a la iluminación natural cuando los porcentajes de acristalamiento son importantes y en entornos con alta radiación solar.

ACS Style

R. Suárez; G. Pitel; R. Escandón. El módulo espacial como elemento de acondicionamiento ambiental: el pabellón de España de Corrales y Molezún. Informes de la Construcción 2017, 69, 195 .

AMA Style

R. Suárez, G. Pitel, R. Escandón. El módulo espacial como elemento de acondicionamiento ambiental: el pabellón de España de Corrales y Molezún. Informes de la Construcción. 2017; 69 (546):195.

Chicago/Turabian Style

R. Suárez; G. Pitel; R. Escandón. 2017. "El módulo espacial como elemento de acondicionamiento ambiental: el pabellón de España de Corrales y Molezún." Informes de la Construcción 69, no. 546: 195.

Journal article
Published: 01 September 2016 in Energy Procedia
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The aim of recent European Directives and Regulations is the establishment of a common framework for increasing energy efficiency, encouraging the retrofitting of existing housing stock, obsolete in energy terms. Most of the studies carried out on the energy characterisation of existing housing stock for their subsequent retrofitting focus on climate areas in central and northern Europe, but there are fewer studies for southern Europe. This research was initiated in order to contribute to a better understanding of social housing in southern Europe, specifically southern Spain. A protocol was proposed for the assessment of the end-use energy behaviour of social housing stock, taking into consideration geographical location, building typologies, and morphological and constructive characteristics of the envelopes of this housing stock. This protocol is divided into two different phases: a first phase for a general energy assessment and a second phase for a detailed energy assessment. It aims to provide a general energy behaviour assessment as the first step in the proposal of guidelines and strategies for the energy retrofitting of existing social housing stock. In order to achieve these objectives, the first phase of the proposed protocol includes a typological classification of buildings and a morphological and constructive characterisation of thermal envelopes by construction period. The second phase of the protocol includes onsite data collection on hygrothermal behaviour and energy consumption and generation and validation of energy models in the buildings selected for their subsequent energy simulation and rating. In this study, the first phase of the protocol was applied to five case studies built between 1950 and 1980 in the different climate zones in the south of Spain, with the main conclusion that the existing general high level of demand due to the poor thermal performance of the envelope leads to a very low energy rating

ACS Style

Rocío Escandón; Rafael Suarez; Juan J. Sendra. Protocol for the Energy Behaviour Assessment of Social Housing Stock: The Case of Southern Europe. Energy Procedia 2016, 96, 907 -915.

AMA Style

Rocío Escandón, Rafael Suarez, Juan J. Sendra. Protocol for the Energy Behaviour Assessment of Social Housing Stock: The Case of Southern Europe. Energy Procedia. 2016; 96 ():907-915.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Rocío Escandón; Rafael Suarez; Juan J. Sendra. 2016. "Protocol for the Energy Behaviour Assessment of Social Housing Stock: The Case of Southern Europe." Energy Procedia 96, no. : 907-915.

Journal article
Published: 30 September 2014 in Building Simulation
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This article aims to provide a critical analysis of the work of the Smithsons, with a focus on its interpretation of architecture from the standpoint of environmental commitment, an aspect that is barely touched upon in the extensive literature analysing their work. The main aim is to reveal the strategies of environmental conditioning and the energy behaviour of their major work both from an architectural and environmental standpoint, as well as that of their own home and experimental laboratory: the Upper Lawn Pavilion. These features make it a building of great heritage value, classified as a Grade II listed building according to the Statutory List of Buildings of Special Architectural or Historic Interest. Energy models reproducing the case study (in its original construction, occupancy and thermal conditions) have been simulated using DesignBuilder software in order to carry out a quantitative assessment of the house’s environmental conditions, perceptively described by Alison Smithson in her diary. Indoor thermal conditions obtained from the energy simulations were studied, identifying the environmental benefits and deficiencies caused by the strategies applied by the Smithsons to their pavilion. It is concluded that its environmental behaviour is far from the current standards of adaptive comfort.

ACS Style

Rocío Escandón; Juan J. Sendra; Rafael Suarez. Energy and climate simulation in the Upper Lawn Pavilion, an experimental laboratory in the architecture of the Smithsons. Building Simulation 2014, 8, 99 -109.

AMA Style

Rocío Escandón, Juan J. Sendra, Rafael Suarez. Energy and climate simulation in the Upper Lawn Pavilion, an experimental laboratory in the architecture of the Smithsons. Building Simulation. 2014; 8 (1):99-109.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Rocío Escandón; Juan J. Sendra; Rafael Suarez. 2014. "Energy and climate simulation in the Upper Lawn Pavilion, an experimental laboratory in the architecture of the Smithsons." Building Simulation 8, no. 1: 99-109.