In this study, our aim was to investigate the effects of restorative materials such as composite, compomer and high viscosity glass ionomer, which are frequently used in dentistry, on L929 fibroblast cells by evaluating the oxidative stress parameters, pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, and apoptosis markers. L929 fibroblast cells were cultured, and dental filling materials were applied in two doses (50 and 100 µl). Immunohistochemical staining was performed for experimental groups with Anti-Bax and Anti-Caspase 9 antibodies. Then, ELISA technique was used to detect the level of TNF-alpha, TGF-beta, IL-1-beta, IL-6, IL-10, LPO and CAT. In the light of the data, the examined dental filling materials were effective on increasing the TGF-beta, IL-10, LPO and CAT levels, and decreasing the TNF-alpha, IL-1-beta, and IL-6 levels. The histological micrographs were also support the issues. When the levels of H-score in Caspase 9 labeled micrographs were evaluated, the mean of the control group was lower than the mean of the experimental groups. Biocompatibility varies according to the content of the material, the amount of residual monomer, and its solubility. Although all the experimental groups have cytotoxic effects, the least effect is seen in the Omnichroma group.

Aim: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of different pediatric nutritional syrups’ formulations on the color changes of glass ionomer-based restorative materials (GICs) used in pediatric dentistry. Methods: Three types of GICs—compomer (Dyract XP, Dentsply), conventional glass ionomer (Equia Forte, GC), and glass carbomer (Glass Fill, GCP Dental)—were tested. 120 disc-shaped specimens (5 mm diameter, 2 mm deep) were prepared. Each type was divided into four groups (n=30). Specimens were stored in distilled water for 24 hours, then immersed in three different pediatric pediatric nutritional syrups (iron-Fe+3 [Ferifer, Berko], iron-Fe+2 [Ferro Sanol B, Adeka], and multivitamin [Polivit, Abdi İbrahim]) and distilled water. Color measurements were taken before and after immersion using a spectrophotometer (VITA Easyshade V, VITA Zahnfabrik). Color changes (ΔE00) were calculated at 30 and 90 days using the CIEDE2000 formula. Data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA and post-hoc Tukey’s test (p < 0.05). Results: After 30 days, the highest ΔE00 was observed in the glass carbomer group immersed in multivitamins (7.13 ± 0.77), while the lowest was in the compomer group immersed in distilled water (0.26 ± 0.13). ΔE00 values were significantly higher in the glass carbomer groups compared to the conventional glass ionomer and compomer groups (p < 0.05). At 90 days, no significant differences were found between the conventional glass ionomer and compomer groups (p > 0.05). The highest ΔE00 at 90 days was in the glass carbomer group immersed in multivitamins (9.15 ± 0.93), and the lowest was in the compomer group immersed in distilled water (0.38 ± 0.11). Conclusion: Pediatric syrups, frequently used to treat malnutrition, caused more color changes in glass carbomers. Results indicated that as the resin content increased, the amount of coloration decreased.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the color stability of 3D printed permanent and temporary composite-based restorative materials by assessing their stainability after immersion in tea, coffee, and water. Methods: The composite resins used included Temp Ultra (TU) and Custom Composite Resin (CR) (for temporary restorations) and Crowntec (for permanent restorations). Specimens were 3D printed, post-polymerized, and polished. They were then immersed in tea, coffee, or water at 37°C for 7 days. Color changes were measured using the CIE Lab* system and analyzed using IBM SPSS 26, with ΔE00 values compared to clinical thresholds. Results: After 7 days, the greatest color change (ΔE00) was observed in all coffee-immersed groups, with the TU + coffee group showing the highest ΔE00 value (2.38 ± 0.21), exceeding the clinically acceptable threshold of 2.25. The CR + water group exhibited the least color change (0.16 ± 0.05). Color changes in tea-immersed groups were statistically significant, with CR showing reduced color change (1.97 ± 0.15). Only the coffee-exposed groups exceeded the acceptable ΔE00 value. Conclusion: The study found that the type of composite material significantly affects color stability, with Temp Ultra showing the most color change in coffee. The results suggest that while these materials demonstrate acceptable color stability. Keywords: 3D Printing, Composite Resins, Color Stability, Staining, CAD/CAM Technology

The aim of this study is to investigate the possible effects of restorative materials such as resin composite, amalgam and glass ionomer on brain tissue. Thirty-two Wistar albino rats were taken and restorative materials were put in the neck region at the back. After 8 weeks, the brain tissues were removed and analyzed using nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB)/p65 and hematoxylin & eosin staining methods. Further, the levels of superoxide dismutase, catalase, lipid peroxidase, and glutathione were determined in the brain tissues. More intense staining of immunopositive cells was observed in the restorative material groups than the control group, also neuronal degeneration was detected in these groups. Results of the tests indicated increased oxidative stress in all the restorative material groups compared with the control group. All three dental restorative materials exhibited cytotoxic effects on the brain tissue. Additionally, oxidative stress may have occurred in the brain tissue. The heavy metal compounds in the restorative materials caused neuronal degeneration and may also have caused oxidative stress in the brain tissue, indicating the cytotoxic effects of dental restorative materials.