Flupyrimin is an emerging neonicotinoid insecticide primarily used to control rice planthoppers. However, knowledge gaps exist regarding its uptake and transport in rice planting systems. Elucidating the absorption and distribution properties of flupyrimin in rice will help assess the potential risks of human exposure to flupyrimin via the food chain. Here, we studied the uptake kinetics and transport mechanisms of flupyrimin in rice plants grown under hydroponic and soil conditions. The hydroponic experiment indicated that flupyrimin was easily taken up by rice roots via a symplastic passive diffusion process and was mainly distributed in the cell soluble fractions (50.6 %－88.0 %). Compared with transportation from the roots to the stems, flupyrimin was ultimately transported from the stems to the leaves with a greater translocation factor (TF) (TF_Leave/Stem = 27.8 > TF_Stem/Root = 3.1). In rice-soil systems, the accumulation of flupyrimin by rice plants is influenced primarily by the soil organic matter content, which leads to increased adsorption of flupyrimin onto soils (R² > 0.897, P < 0.014). Interestingly, the concentration of flupyrimin in rice was significantly positively correlated with its amount in the soil pore water (C_IPW) (R² > 0.967, P < 0.003), indicating that the uptake and accumulation of flupyrimin in rice planting systems can be estimated by C_IPW. These findings enhance our knowledge of flupyrimin absorption and distribution in rice plants from treated soils and are important for guiding its field application and conducting environmental risk assessments.

Fluconazole remains a cornerstone for consolidation therapy in cryptococcal meningitis. However, resistance poses a significant risk of treatment failure in sub-Saharan Africa, where fluconazole monotherapy is common. Beyond clinical use, triazole fungicides are suspected drivers of resistance pathways. Nevertheless, there is limited evidence linking triazole fungicide use to the emergence of resistant C. neoformans (RCN) in soil. Here, the possibility of evolving triazole resistance in C. neoformans by exposing it to the triazole fungicide propiconazole was explored. The findings suggest that propiconazole can induce the resistance of C. neoformans to triazole drugs in liquid media and soil by upregulating the expression levels of target gene ERG11 and efflux pump genes AFR1 , AFR2 , and AFR3 . Interestingly, there were 2, 5, 4, and 3 RCN strains isolated from propiconazole-treated soils at 1, 2, 5, and 10 mg/kg, respectively, indicating that the emergence of RCN isolates depends on the residual concentrations of propiconazole. These findings suggest that the field application of propiconazole, even at the recommended dosage, can promote the development of triazole resistance in C. neoformans , thereby affecting the efficacy of triazole drugs and hindering the prevention and management of cryptococcosis.