Gallbladder cancer (GBC) is a rare but the most malignant type of biliary tract tumor. It is usually diagnosed at an advanced stage and conventional treatments are unsatisfactory. As a proteasome inhibitor, bortezomib (BTZ) exhibits excellent antitumor ability in GBC. However, the long‐term treatment efficacy is limited by its resistance, poor stability, and high toxicity. Herein, BTZ‐encapsulated pH‐responsive copolymeric nanoparticles with estrone (ES‐NP_{(BTZ; Ce6)}) for GBC‐specific targeted therapy is reported. Due to the high estrogen receptor expression in GBC, ES‐NP_{(BTZ; Ce6)} can rapidly enter the cells and accumulate near the nucleus via ES‐mediated endocytosis. Under acidic tumor microenvironment (TME) and 808 nm laser irradiation, BTZ is released and ROS is generated by Ce6 to destroy the “bounce‐back” response pathway proteins, such as DDI2 and p97, which can effectively inhibit proteasomes and increase apoptosis. Compared to the traditional treatment using BTZ monotherapy, ES‐NP_{(BTZ; Ce6)} can significantly impede disease progression at lower BTZ concentrations and improve its resistance. Moreover, ES‐NP_{(BTZ; Ce6)} demonstrates similar antitumor abilities in patient‐derived xenograft animal models and five other types of solid tumor cells, revealing its potential as a broad‐spectrum antitumor formulation.

This work studies properties of Ba_0.85Ca_0.15Ti_0.9Zr_0.1O₃ (BCZT) ceramics prepared from the BCZT powders synthesized by conventional mixed oxide (so called M) and sol-gel auto combustion (so called A) methods. The M and A powders were calcined at 1200 and 900°C, respectively. Different amounts (0, 50 and 100 wt%) of A powder were added into M powder then sintered at 1450°C for 2 h. Grain size and dielectric constant (ϵ_r) tended to decrease with A powder content. The highest ϵ_r value of 5342 but slimmest was observed in the ceramic with 100 wt% A powder addition.

This research studied the effects of sintering temperature and La3+ doping content on phase, microstructure and densification of bismuth lanthanum titanate (Bi4-xLaxTi3O12; BLT) ceramics when x = 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75 and 1.0, respectively. The BLT powders were prepared using a mixed-oxide method. The mixtures were calcined at 750°C for 4 h before being pressed and sintered at 1000-1150°C for 4 h. The result of phase analysis by X–ray diffraction (XRD) indicated the existence of orthorhombic phase for all sintering temperatures. The XRD peak intensities of the ceramics showed preferred orientation of a particular set of {00l}-type planes. The ceramics mainly composed of plate-like grains. Increasing the sintering temperature increased grain size and increased preferred grain orientation. The present of La3+ in BLT ceramics reduced preferred orientation especially at higher sintering temperature. Results of microstructural investigation agreed well with X-ray diffraction patterns.