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In order to integrate large shares of variable renewable energy sources, district heating can play an important role. Furthermore, in order to increase the efficiency of district heating systems, interconnecting adjacent system could be socio-economically justified. In order to assess the economic and environmental consequences of the latter, a mixed linear integer optimization model was developed with the endogenous decision on the potential interconnectors. The case study was carried out for the city of Zagreb, Croatia. The results showed that all three studied interconnections are economically viable, while the socio-economic cost was 29.2% lower in the case of the implemented interconnectors, all other capacities being equal. Moreover, the optimal thermal energy storage capacity was found to be equal to 25 and 24 days of average heating demand in two alternative scenarios. Finally, compared to the reference case, the CO2 emissions could be lowered by 15.3%.CO2 savings derive mainly from better utilization of low carbon capacities after interconnecting the systems, as well as from installation of heat pumps and electric boilers.
Dominik Franjo Dominković; Goran Stunjek; Ignacio Blanco; Henrik Madsen; Goran Krajačić. Technical, economic and environmental optimization of district heating expansion in an urban agglomeration. Energy 2020, 197, 117243 .
AMA StyleDominik Franjo Dominković, Goran Stunjek, Ignacio Blanco, Henrik Madsen, Goran Krajačić. Technical, economic and environmental optimization of district heating expansion in an urban agglomeration. Energy. 2020; 197 ():117243.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDominik Franjo Dominković; Goran Stunjek; Ignacio Blanco; Henrik Madsen; Goran Krajačić. 2020. "Technical, economic and environmental optimization of district heating expansion in an urban agglomeration." Energy 197, no. : 117243.
The operation of electric and heat grids alike is complicated due to the dynamic demand, with the increasing penetration of renewable energy sources adding to the problem. In order to improve the integration of variable renewable energy sources, the flexibility of the system needs to be improved. This paper proposed a novel characterization of the short-term energy flexibility, which was further utilized for the district heating capacity extension. The soft-linking of the models includes feedback, but the added computational complexity is kept at a minimum. Compared to the other literature in the field, due to the accurate characterization of the dynamics of the energy flexibility, flexibility is utilized much more frequently. The method was demonstrated for the case of the district heating of Zagreb. Results showed that both capital and operational savings can be achieved by adopting the proposed method. In the best performing scenario, which included the capacity extension planning, the savings of the district heating system were 5.4%. The extensive power exchange in the best performing scenario meant that the flexibility was used to help balancing the power grid as well.
Dominik Franjo Dominković; Rune Grønborg Junker; Karen Byskov Lindberg; Henrik Madsen. Implementing flexibility into energy planning models: Soft-linking of a high-level energy planning model and a short-term operational model. Applied Energy 2019, 260, 114292 .
AMA StyleDominik Franjo Dominković, Rune Grønborg Junker, Karen Byskov Lindberg, Henrik Madsen. Implementing flexibility into energy planning models: Soft-linking of a high-level energy planning model and a short-term operational model. Applied Energy. 2019; 260 ():114292.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDominik Franjo Dominković; Rune Grønborg Junker; Karen Byskov Lindberg; Henrik Madsen. 2019. "Implementing flexibility into energy planning models: Soft-linking of a high-level energy planning model and a short-term operational model." Applied Energy 260, no. : 114292.
Future 100% renewable energy systems will have to integrate different sectors, including provision of power, heating, cooling and transport. Such energy systems will be needed to mitigate the negative impacts of economic development based on the use of fossil fuels, but will rely on variable renewable energy resources. As two-thirds of global greenhouse gas emissions can be attributed to fossil fuel combustion, decarbonization of energy systems is imperative for combating the climate change. Integrating future energy systems with CO2 capture and utilization technologies can contribute to deep decarbonization. As these technologies can be operated flexibly, they can be used to balance the grid to allow for high levels of variable renewable energy in the power mix. The captured CO2 can be either utilized as a feedstock for various value-added applications in the chemical industry and related sectors such as the food and beverage industries. This paper reviews the state-of-the-art literature on CO2 capture and utilization technologies, with an emphasis on their potential integration into a low-carbon, high-renewables penetration grid. The potential market size for CO2 as raw material is also elaborated and discussed. The review paper provides an insight to the development and the technological needs of different energy system sectors, as well the limitations, challenges and research gaps to the integration of the variable renewable energy sources and flexible carbon capture and utilization technologies.
Hrvoje Mikulčić; Iva Ridjan Skov; Dominik Franjo Dominković; Sharifah Rafidah Wan Alwi; Zainuddin Abdul Manan; Raymond Tan; Neven Duić; Siti Nur Hidayah Mohamad; Xuebin Wang. Flexible Carbon Capture and Utilization technologies in future energy systems and the utilization pathways of captured CO2. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 2019, 114, 109338 .
AMA StyleHrvoje Mikulčić, Iva Ridjan Skov, Dominik Franjo Dominković, Sharifah Rafidah Wan Alwi, Zainuddin Abdul Manan, Raymond Tan, Neven Duić, Siti Nur Hidayah Mohamad, Xuebin Wang. Flexible Carbon Capture and Utilization technologies in future energy systems and the utilization pathways of captured CO2. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. 2019; 114 ():109338.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHrvoje Mikulčić; Iva Ridjan Skov; Dominik Franjo Dominković; Sharifah Rafidah Wan Alwi; Zainuddin Abdul Manan; Raymond Tan; Neven Duić; Siti Nur Hidayah Mohamad; Xuebin Wang. 2019. "Flexible Carbon Capture and Utilization technologies in future energy systems and the utilization pathways of captured CO2." Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 114, no. : 109338.
The energy transition of future urban energy systems is still the subject of an ongoing debate. District energy supply can play an important role in reducing the total socio-economic costs of energy systems and primary energy supply. Although lots of research was done on integrated modelling including district heating, there is a lack of research on integrated energy modelling including district cooling. This paper addressed the latter gap using linear continuous optimization model of the whole energy system, using Singapore for a case study. Results showed that optimal district cooling share was 30% of the total cooling energy demand for both developed scenarios, one that took into account spatial constraints for photovoltaics installation and the other one that did not. In the scenario that took into account existing spatial constraints for installations, optimal capacities of methane and thermal energy storage types were much larger than capacities of grid battery storage, battery storage in vehicles and hydrogen storage. Grid battery storage correlated with photovoltaics capacity installed in the energy system. Furthermore, it was shown that successful representation of long-term storage solutions in urban energy models reduced the total socio-economic costs of the energy system for 4.1%.
Dominik Franjo Dominković; Goran Krajačić. District Cooling Versus Individual Cooling in Urban Energy Systems: The Impact of District Energy Share in Cities on the Optimal Storage Sizing. Energies 2019, 12, 407 .
AMA StyleDominik Franjo Dominković, Goran Krajačić. District Cooling Versus Individual Cooling in Urban Energy Systems: The Impact of District Energy Share in Cities on the Optimal Storage Sizing. Energies. 2019; 12 (3):407.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDominik Franjo Dominković; Goran Krajačić. 2019. "District Cooling Versus Individual Cooling in Urban Energy Systems: The Impact of District Energy Share in Cities on the Optimal Storage Sizing." Energies 12, no. 3: 407.
Although it can be complex to integrate variable renewable energy sources such as wind power and photovoltaics into an energy system, the potential benefits are large, as it can help reduce fuel imports, balance the trade, and mitigate the negative impacts in terms of climate change. In order to try to integrate a very large share of variable renewable energy sources into the energy system, an integrated energy planning approach was used, including ice storage in the cooling sector, a smart charging option in the transport sector, and an excess capacity of reverse osmosis technology that was utilised in order to provide flexibility to the energy system. A unit commitment and economic dispatch tool (PLEXOS) was used, and the model was run with both 5 min and 1 h time resolutions. The case study was carried out for a typical Caribbean island nation, based on data derived from measured data from Aruba. The results showed that 78.1% of the final electricity demand in 2020 was met by variable renewable energy sources, having 1.0% of curtailed energy in the energy system. The total economic cost of the modelled energy system was similar to the current energy system, dominated by the fossil fuel imports. The results are relevant for many populated islands and island nations.
Dominik Franjo Dominković; Greg Stark; Bri-Mathias Hodge; Allan Schrøder Pedersen. Integrated Energy Planning with a High Share of Variable Renewable Energy Sources for a Caribbean Island. Energies 2018, 11, 2193 .
AMA StyleDominik Franjo Dominković, Greg Stark, Bri-Mathias Hodge, Allan Schrøder Pedersen. Integrated Energy Planning with a High Share of Variable Renewable Energy Sources for a Caribbean Island. Energies. 2018; 11 (9):2193.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDominik Franjo Dominković; Greg Stark; Bri-Mathias Hodge; Allan Schrøder Pedersen. 2018. "Integrated Energy Planning with a High Share of Variable Renewable Energy Sources for a Caribbean Island." Energies 11, no. 9: 2193.
A large majority of energy systems models of smart urban energy systems are modelling moderate climate with seasonal variations, such as the European ones. The climate in the tropical region is dominated by very high stable temperatures and high humidity and lacks the moderate climate's seasonality. Furthermore, the smart energy system models tend to focus on CO2 emissions only and lack integrated air pollution modelling of other air pollutants. In this study, an integrated urban energy system for a tropical climate was modelled, including modelling the interactions between power, cooling, gas, mobility and water desalination sectors. Five different large scale storages were modelled, too. The developed linear optimization model further included endogenous decisions about the share of district versus individual cooling, implementation of energy efficiency solutions and implementation of demand response measures in buildings and industry. Six scenarios for the year 2030 were developed in order to present a stepwise increase in energy system integration in a transition to a smart urban energy system in Singapore. The economically best performing scenario had 48% lower socio-economic costs, 68% lower CO2e emissions, 15% higher particulate matter emissions and 2% larger primary energy consumption compared to a business-as-usual case.
D.F. Dominković; V. Dobravec; Y. Jiang; P.S. Nielsen; G. Krajačić. Modelling smart energy systems in tropical regions. Energy 2018, 155, 592 -609.
AMA StyleD.F. Dominković, V. Dobravec, Y. Jiang, P.S. Nielsen, G. Krajačić. Modelling smart energy systems in tropical regions. Energy. 2018; 155 ():592-609.
Chicago/Turabian StyleD.F. Dominković; V. Dobravec; Y. Jiang; P.S. Nielsen; G. Krajačić. 2018. "Modelling smart energy systems in tropical regions." Energy 155, no. : 592-609.
Higher shares of intermittent renewable energy in energy systems have raised the issue of the need for different energy storage solutions. The utilization of existing thermal building mass for storage is a cost-efficient solution. In order to investigate its potential, a detailed building simulation model was coupled with a linear optimization model of the energy system. Different building archetypes were modelled in detail, and their potential preheating and subsequent heat supply cut-off periods were assessed. Energy system optimization focused on the impact of thermal mass for storage on the energy supply of district heating. Results showed that longer preheating time increased the possible duration of cut-off events. System optimization showed that the thermal mass for storage was used as intra-day storage. Flexible load accounted for 5.5%–7.7% of the total district heating demand. Furthermore, thermal mass for storage enabled more solar thermal heating energy to be effectively utilized in the system. One of the sensitivity analyses showed that the large-scale pit thermal energy storage and thermal mass for storage are complimentary. The cut-off duration potential, which did not compromise thermal comfort, was longer in the newer, better insulated buildings, reaching 6 h among different building archetypes.
D.F. Dominković; P. Gianniou; M. Münster; A. Heller; C. Rode. Utilizing thermal building mass for storage in district heating systems: Combined building level simulations and system level optimization. Energy 2018, 153, 949 -966.
AMA StyleD.F. Dominković, P. Gianniou, M. Münster, A. Heller, C. Rode. Utilizing thermal building mass for storage in district heating systems: Combined building level simulations and system level optimization. Energy. 2018; 153 ():949-966.
Chicago/Turabian StyleD.F. Dominković; P. Gianniou; M. Münster; A. Heller; C. Rode. 2018. "Utilizing thermal building mass for storage in district heating systems: Combined building level simulations and system level optimization." Energy 153, no. : 949-966.
District heating markets are often dominated by monopolies in both Denmark and Finland. The same companies, often owned by local municipalities, are usually operating both supplying plants and district heating networks, while the pricing mechanisms are rigid, often agreed upon for one year in advance. The mentioned ownership scheme may cause problems, when one tries to gain a third party access in order to deliver excess heat or heat from cheaper heating plants. In this paper, two case studies were carried out to simulate the district heating systems based on dynamic pricing. Case studies were carried out for Sønderborg, Denmark and Espoo, Finland. The results showed that dynamic pricing fosters feeding the waste heat into the grid, as dynamic pricing reduced the total primary energy consumption and CO2 emissions in both case studies. In the best scenarios, the weighted average heat price decreased by 25.6% in Sønderborg and 6.6% in Espoo, respectively.
Dominik Franjo Dominković; Mikko Wahlroos; Sanna Syri; Allan Schrøder Pedersen. Influence of different technologies on dynamic pricing in district heating systems: Comparative case studies. Energy 2018, 153, 136 -148.
AMA StyleDominik Franjo Dominković, Mikko Wahlroos, Sanna Syri, Allan Schrøder Pedersen. Influence of different technologies on dynamic pricing in district heating systems: Comparative case studies. Energy. 2018; 153 ():136-148.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDominik Franjo Dominković; Mikko Wahlroos; Sanna Syri; Allan Schrøder Pedersen. 2018. "Influence of different technologies on dynamic pricing in district heating systems: Comparative case studies." Energy 153, no. : 136-148.
Dominik Franjo Dominkovic; I. Bačeković; Allan Schrøder Pedersen; Goran Krajacic. The future of transportation in sustainable energy systems: Opportunities and barriers in a clean energy transition. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 2018, 82, 1823 -1838.
AMA StyleDominik Franjo Dominkovic, I. Bačeković, Allan Schrøder Pedersen, Goran Krajacic. The future of transportation in sustainable energy systems: Opportunities and barriers in a clean energy transition. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. 2018; 82 ():1823-1838.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDominik Franjo Dominkovic; I. Bačeković; Allan Schrøder Pedersen; Goran Krajacic. 2018. "The future of transportation in sustainable energy systems: Opportunities and barriers in a clean energy transition." Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 82, no. : 1823-1838.
Dominik Franjo Dominkovic; K.A. Bin Abdul Rashid; Alessandro Romagnoli; Allan Schrøder Pedersen; Kai Choong Leong; Goran Krajacic; N. Duić. Potential of district cooling in hot and humid climates. Applied Energy 2017, 208, 49 -61.
AMA StyleDominik Franjo Dominkovic, K.A. Bin Abdul Rashid, Alessandro Romagnoli, Allan Schrøder Pedersen, Kai Choong Leong, Goran Krajacic, N. Duić. Potential of district cooling in hot and humid climates. Applied Energy. 2017; 208 ():49-61.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDominik Franjo Dominkovic; K.A. Bin Abdul Rashid; Alessandro Romagnoli; Allan Schrøder Pedersen; Kai Choong Leong; Goran Krajacic; N. Duić. 2017. "Potential of district cooling in hot and humid climates." Applied Energy 208, no. : 49-61.
D.F. Dominković; I. Bačeković; D. Sveinbjörnsson; A.S. Pedersen; G. Krajačić. On the way towards smart energy supply in cities: The impact of interconnecting geographically distributed district heating grids on the energy system. Energy 2017, 137, 941 -960.
AMA StyleD.F. Dominković, I. Bačeković, D. Sveinbjörnsson, A.S. Pedersen, G. Krajačić. On the way towards smart energy supply in cities: The impact of interconnecting geographically distributed district heating grids on the energy system. Energy. 2017; 137 ():941-960.
Chicago/Turabian StyleD.F. Dominković; I. Bačeković; D. Sveinbjörnsson; A.S. Pedersen; G. Krajačić. 2017. "On the way towards smart energy supply in cities: The impact of interconnecting geographically distributed district heating grids on the energy system." Energy 137, no. : 941-960.
Tihomir Tomić; Dominik Franjo Dominković; Antun Pfeifer; Daniel Rolph Schneider; Allan Schrøder Pedersen; Neven Duić. Waste to energy plant operation under the influence of market and legislation conditioned changes. Energy 2017, 137, 1119 -1129.
AMA StyleTihomir Tomić, Dominik Franjo Dominković, Antun Pfeifer, Daniel Rolph Schneider, Allan Schrøder Pedersen, Neven Duić. Waste to energy plant operation under the influence of market and legislation conditioned changes. Energy. 2017; 137 ():1119-1129.
Chicago/Turabian StyleTihomir Tomić; Dominik Franjo Dominković; Antun Pfeifer; Daniel Rolph Schneider; Allan Schrøder Pedersen; Neven Duić. 2017. "Waste to energy plant operation under the influence of market and legislation conditioned changes." Energy 137, no. : 1119-1129.
Dominik Franjo Dominkovic; I. Bačeković; Boris Ćosić; Goran Krajacic; Tomislav Pukšec; Neven Duić; Natasa Markovska. Zero carbon energy system of South East Europe in 2050. Applied Energy 2016, 184, 1517 -1528.
AMA StyleDominik Franjo Dominkovic, I. Bačeković, Boris Ćosić, Goran Krajacic, Tomislav Pukšec, Neven Duić, Natasa Markovska. Zero carbon energy system of South East Europe in 2050. Applied Energy. 2016; 184 ():1517-1528.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDominik Franjo Dominkovic; I. Bačeković; Boris Ćosić; Goran Krajacic; Tomislav Pukšec; Neven Duić; Natasa Markovska. 2016. "Zero carbon energy system of South East Europe in 2050." Applied Energy 184, no. : 1517-1528.
Antun Pfeifer; Dominik Franjo Dominkovic; Boris Ćosić; Neven Duić. Economic feasibility of CHP facilities fueled by biomass from unused agriculture land: Case of Croatia. Energy Conversion and Management 2016, 125, 222 -229.
AMA StyleAntun Pfeifer, Dominik Franjo Dominkovic, Boris Ćosić, Neven Duić. Economic feasibility of CHP facilities fueled by biomass from unused agriculture land: Case of Croatia. Energy Conversion and Management. 2016; 125 ():222-229.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAntun Pfeifer; Dominik Franjo Dominkovic; Boris Ćosić; Neven Duić. 2016. "Economic feasibility of CHP facilities fueled by biomass from unused agriculture land: Case of Croatia." Energy Conversion and Management 125, no. : 222-229.
D.F. Dominković; B. Ćosić; Z. Bačelić Medić; N. Duić. A hybrid optimization model of biomass trigeneration system combined with pit thermal energy storage. Energy Conversion and Management 2015, 104, 90 -99.
AMA StyleD.F. Dominković, B. Ćosić, Z. Bačelić Medić, N. Duić. A hybrid optimization model of biomass trigeneration system combined with pit thermal energy storage. Energy Conversion and Management. 2015; 104 ():90-99.
Chicago/Turabian StyleD.F. Dominković; B. Ćosić; Z. Bačelić Medić; N. Duić. 2015. "A hybrid optimization model of biomass trigeneration system combined with pit thermal energy storage." Energy Conversion and Management 104, no. : 90-99.