The aim of present study was to investigate the dynamic thiol/disulphide homeostasis as oxidative stress marker in diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). A total of 77 participants consisting of 32 patients with DKA and 45 healthy volunteers were included in the study. Thiol/disulphide homeostasis (TDH) [total thiol-native thiol/disulphide changes] were measured in both groups (patient group and control group) using a brand novel method developed by Erel and Neselioglu. Half of the difference between total thiol and native thiol concentrations gives the amount of disulphide bond. Total thiol, native thiol and disulphide levels in blood were found to be low. The levels of total thiol (p<0,001) and native thiol (p<0,001 ) were significantly lower in patients with DKA than in the control group. At the same time, the level of disulphide was non significantly lower in the patient group than the control group (p = 0.388 ). The level of IMA was higher in the patient group than the control group (p<0,001). The total thiol ,native thiol and disulphide levels in DKA decrease in favor of oxidative stress.

Background: Urticaria is an unknown, sudden, and itchy skin disease that is recognized with redness, swelling, and is sometimes seen with angioedema. It is classified as acute or chronic, depending on the duration of symptoms. Thiols in plasma are powerful antioxidants that physiologically eliminate free radicals. The mostly and rapidly affected proteins are thiols that contain the sulfhydryl group. In the present study, the thiol/disulfide homeostasis was investigated as a brand new indicator of oxidative stress in patients who had acute urticaria and presented to the emergency department. Objective: In the present study, the thiol/disulfide homeostasis, ischemia-modified albumin (IMA), and and neutrophil lymphocyte ratio (N/L ratio) were investigated in the etiopathogenesis of acute urticaria. Material and Method: A total of 37 patients and 40 healthy volunteers were included in the study. Thiol/disulfide homeostasis (TDH) [total thiol-native thiol/disulfide changes] was measured in both groups (patient group and control group) using a brand novel method developed by Erel and Neselioglu. Half of the difference between total thiol and native thiol concentrations gives the amount of disulfide bond. Results: Total thiol and native thiol levels in blood were found to be low. The levels of total thiol (P = 0.218) and native thiol (P = 0,001) were significantly lower in patients with acute urticaria than in the control group. At the same time, the level of disulfide was significantly higher in the patient group than in the control group (P = <0.001). The level of IMA was higher in the patient group than in the control group (P < 0.001). Conclusion: While total thiol and native thiol are low in acute urticaria, the levels of disulfide and IMA are high.

Vertigo or dizziness (VDS) are common reasons for emergency department (ED) visits and pose significant challenges in the early identification of acute ischemic stroke (AIS). The TriAGe + score was developed to predict AIS in patients presenting with VDS without relying on neuroimaging; however, its diagnostic accuracy compared with ABCD-based scores remains uncertain. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of the TriAGe + score in distinguishing central ischemic causes from peripheral etiologies in patients with VDS and to compare its predictive accuracy for AIS, including posterior circulation infarctions (PCIs), with that of the ABCD2, ABCD3, and ABCD3-I scores. This retrospective cohort study evaluated 1,138 patients who presented to a tertiary ED with VDS complaints between January 2023 and July 2024. After applying the exclusion criteria, 886 patients were included. All patients underwent diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging within 72 h for diagnostic confirmation. On the basis of the imaging results, 210 patients were diagnosed with AIS, while 676 patients without findings consistent with AIS were considered the control group. The predictive performance of the TriAGe + and ABCD scores was evaluated in both groups via logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses. PCIs accounted for 74.3% of all AIS cases. The TriAGe + score demonstrated greater diagnostic accuracy than did the ABCD scores in the ROC analysis among all patients (AUC = 0.979; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.967–0.987). For the diagnosis of AIS in all patients, the TriAGe + score had a cutoff value of > 7, with a sensitivity of 91% and a specificity of 91.3%. In patients without focal weakness or sensory loss, the TriAGe + score remained a strong predictor of AIS, with a cutoff value of 5, yielding a sensitivity of 97.5% and a specificity of 80.9% (AUC = 0.950; 95% CI: 0.932–0.964). The TriAGe + score is useful in the diagnosis of AIS in patients presenting to the ED with VDS complaints. It outperforms ABCD scores in sensitivity and specificity, particularly in cases without focal neurological deficits. Implementing the TriAGE + score may optimize neuroimaging use, reduce healthcare costs, and improve ED efficiency by assisting clinicians in prioritizing high-risk patients. Not applicable.

Objectives: The aim is to investigate the usefulness of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)/Albumin, LDH/Lymphocyte and LDH/Platelet ratios on the prognosis of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) Alpha (B.1.1.7) variant pneumonia. Methods: A total of 113 patients who were diagnosed with COVID-19 pneumonia and 60 healthy control group were included in this study. The cases were divided into 2 as classic COVID-19 group, and COVID-19 B.1.1.7 variant group. Complete blood count (CBC) and biochemical parameters of the patients were analyzed retrospectively. Patients with COVID-19 B.1.1.7 variant group were also grouped according to the length of stay in the hospital and the days of hospitalization. Results: LDH/Albumin, LDH/Platelet, and LDH/Lymphocyte ratios were found to be higher in COVID-19 B.1.1.7 variant group when compared to the control group (p<0.001). The ferritin, neutrophils/lymphocyte (NLR) ratio, procalcitonin (PCT) and LDH/Albumin had the highest area under the curve (AUC) values in the COVID-19 B.1.1.7 variant group (0.950, 0.802, 0.759, and 0.742, respectively). Albumin, Lymphocytes and hemoglobin values were significantly higher in the COVID-19 B.1.1.7 variant group than in the classic COVID-19 group (p<0.05). Conclusions: LDH/Albumin and LDH/Lymphocyte ratios may be useful for clinicians in predicting the risk of progression to pneumonia in COVID-19 B.1.1.7 variant patients.

Background/Objectives: This study investigated whether serum salusin-α and salusin-β levels could support the diagnosis and prognosis of confirmed acute pulmonary embolism (APE) cases. Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted including 57 patients diagnosed with APE using computed tomography pulmonary angiography (CTPA) and 30 control participants without any acute or chronic disease. APE patients were categorized based on the Pulmonary Artery Obstruction Index (PAOI) into low (≤20) and high (>20) thrombus burden groups. Serum salusin-α and salusin-β levels were measured at diagnosis using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Associations with PAOI and Pulmonary Embolism Severity Index (PESI) scores were analyzed. Results: Salusin-α and salusin-β levels were markedly reduced in APE patients versus controls (p < 0.001). In multivariate analysis, salusin-α remained independently associated with APE (p = 0.042), whereas salusin-β was not significant. A receiver operating characteristic analysis showed good diagnostic performance for salusin-α (AUC = 0.799; sensitivity = 89.5%; specificity = 46.7%). Neither peptide correlated with PAOI or PESI. At a 305.85 pg/mL cut-off, salusin-α yielded a positive predictive value of 76.1% and a negative predictive value of 70% in this cohort. Conclusions: The findings suggest that salusin-α has high sensitivity in detecting acute pulmonary embolism and may serve as a supportive diagnostic marker in emergency settings. Although its specificity is limited, it could contribute to guiding additional testing. While salusin-β showed no significant diagnostic value, the potential role of salusin peptides in prognostic evaluation requires further exploration.

Amaç: Bakteriyel sepsis (BS) patogenezinde birçok mediatör ve biyobelirteç rol oynamakta olup tam olarak aydınlatılamamıştır. Çalışmanın amacı oksidatif stresin BS patogenezine katkısını değerlendirmek için BS'de hücre içi okside glutatyon (GSSG)/indirgenmiş glutatyon (GSH) ve serum tiyol/disülfid (hücre dışı) homeostazis testlerini analiz etmektir. Gereç ve yöntem: Bu çalışmaya 49 hasta ve 43 sağlıklı gönüllü olmak üzere toplam 92 kişi dahil edildi. Sepsis ve septik şok için üçüncü uluslararası konsensüs tanımlarında tanımlanan BS kriterlerinin yüksek olasılık ve pozitif kan kültürü olan olgular çalışmaya dahil edildi. Kan örnekleri, hücre içi ve hücre dışı tiyol/disülfid homeostazis testleri için kullanıldı. Bulgular: BS ve kontrol grubu karşılaştırıldığında, BS grubunda GSH, total glutatyon (GSH+GSSG), disülfid, İndeks-3, nativ tiyol ve toplam tiyol düzeyleri kontrol grubuna göre anlamlı derecede düşüktü (İndeks-3 için p<0,001 ve disülfid için p<0.05). GSSG düzeyleri açısından iki grup arasında anlamlı fark saptanmadı. BS grubunda yaş, CRP, PCT, WBC ve RDW, MCV, N/L ve Index-2 düzeyleri kontrol grubuna göre anlamlı derecede yüksekti (p<0.05). Sonuçlar: BS'de total tiyol ve nativ tiyol düzeyleri ile GSH ve total glutatyon düzeyleri azaldı. Bozulmuş hücre içi ve hücre dışı tiyol/disülfid homeostazisinin oksidatif stresi artırarak BS patogenezi üzerinde etkileri olabilir