Purpose: Clinical and epidemiological studies have indicated that breastfeeding has a protective effect on breast cancer risk. Protein-based drugs, including antibodies, are being developed to attain better forms of cancer therapy. Secretory IgA (SIgA) is the antibody class in human breast milk, and its activity can be linked to the protective effect of breastfeeding. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of polyethylene glycol (PEG) microspheres with adsorbed SIgA on MCF-7 human breast cancer cells. Methods: The PEG microspheres were characterized by flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy. The MCF-7 cells were obtained from American Type Culture Collection. MCF-7 cells were pre-incubated for 24 hours with or without SIgA (100 ng/mL), PEG microspheres or SIgA adsorbed in PEG microspheres (100 ng/mL). Viability, intracellular calcium release, and apoptosis in MCF-7 cells were determined by flow cytometry. Results: Fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry analyses revealed that SIgA was able to adsorb to the PEG microspheres. The MCF-7 cells that were incubated with PEG microspheres with adsorbed SIgA showed decreased viability. MCF-7 cells that were incubated with SIgA or PEG microspheres with adsorbed SIgA had increased intracellular Ca2+ levels. In the presence of SIgA, an increase in the percentage of apoptotic cells was observed. The highest apoptosis index was observed when the cells were treated with PEG microspheres with adsorbed SIgA. Conclusion: These data suggest that colostral SIgA adsorbed to PEG microspheres has antitumor effects on human MCF-7 breast cancer cells and that the presence of large amounts of this protein in secreted breast milk may provide protection against breast tumors in women who breastfed.
Human colostrum and milk contain diverse cells and soluble components that have the potential to act against tumors. In breast cancer, macrophages play a significant role in immune infiltration and contribute to the progression and spread of tumors. However, studies suggest that these cells can be reprogrammed to act as an antitumor immune response. This study aimed to evaluate the levels of melatonin and its receptors, MT1 (melatonin receptor 1) and MT2 (melatonin receptor 2), in colostrum and assess the differentiation and polarization of the colostrum macrophages modulated by melatonin in the presence of breast tumor cells. Colostrum samples were collected from 116 mothers and tested for their melatonin and receptor levels. The colostrum cells were treated with or without melatonin and then cultured for 24 h in the presence or absence of breast tumor cells. The results showed that melatonin treatment increased the expression of MT1 and MT2 in the colostrum cells. Furthermore, melatonin treatment increased the percentage of M1 macrophages and decreased the percentage of M2 macrophages. When the colostrum macrophages were cocultured with breast tumor cells, melatonin reduced the percentage of both macrophage phenotypes and the cytokines tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin 8 (IL-8). These data suggest that melatonin can regulate the inflammatory process via M1 macrophages in the tumor microenvironment and, simultaneously, the progression of M2 macrophages that favor tumorigenesis.
Dry salted shrimp is a popular food in Acre cuisine, especially as a main ingredient in “tacacá” and “rabada no tucupi”. However, different intrinsic and extrinsic factors can result in accelerated deterioration and microbial proliferation, causing food poisoning to the consumer. The objective was to perform the counting and identification of molds and yeasts in dry salted shrimp in establishments that sell typical foods in the municipality of Rio Branco, state of Acre. Shrimp samples from six establishments were collected in sterile bottles, identified, refrigerated and transported to the Laboratory of Infectious Diseases of Animals at the Federal University of Acre, for the manual counting of colony-forming units and identification of fungal genera. As a result, the number of molds and yeasts in the dried salted shrimp samples varied between 1.0x102 and 1.02x106 CFU/g. Nine fungal genera were identified: Aspergillus, Penicillium, Cladosporium, Malassezia, Fusarium, Exophiala, Candida, Curvularia and Trichosporon. The most frequent were Aspergillus, Penicillium and Cladosporium, these being potential producers of mycotoxins. The presence of molds and yeasts in the samples of dried salted shrimp shows the need for greater hygienic-sanitary rigidity of this fish at different stages of manipulation and processing as preventative measures for public health.
23 October 2021 in Research, Society and Development
Atualmente, a análise microbiológica é de extrema relevância no ramo alimentício, pois, com ela, é possível conhecer as condições em que o alimento foi processado, os riscos que ele pode oferecer ao consumidor final, se o produto terá a vida útil pretendida, além de verificar se os padrões de especificações microbiológicos para alimentos estão sendo seguidos adequadamente. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo verificar a qualidade sanitária de variados alimentos a partir da presença de microrganismos indicadores, como mesófilos, coliformes totais e coliformes termotolerantes. Dentre os alimentos analisados, muitos se mostraram altamente contaminados, apontando péssimas condições sanitárias, tornando-os impróprios para o consumo. As amostras de salsicha indicaram um padrão microbiológico aceitável, não atingindo altas populações de mesófilos e coliformes que poderiam desfavorecer o produto. Isso já não acontece com os queijos analisados, já que foram as amostras mais contaminadas do presente trabalho, alcançando números superiores a 107 NMP/g. Com este trabalho, foi possível observar que consumidores estão sujeitos a adquirir produtos considerados impróprios para o consumo e, infelizmente, no Brasil, nem sempre há regulamentação que limite uma quantidade máxima microrganismos indicadores, não impedindo assim a comercialização de alimentos altamente contaminados, podendo gerar danos à saúde de quem venha a consumi-los. Para que tal ato seja no mínimo evitado, as autoridades sanitárias devem atuar fazendo uma melhor fiscalização dos produtos e orientando os manipuladores sobre boas práticas sanitárias.
1 February 2021 in Research, Society and Development
A carne bovina é consumida em todo o mundo, porém de acordo com as características próprias (físicas, química e biológica) podem sofrer processos acentuados de deterioração, assim como serem carreadoras de organismos deterioradores e ou patogênicos. A partir disso, o objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar a vida útil da carne moída comercializada em hipermercados e mercados do município de Boa Vista-RR, por meio de análises sensoriais, pH e indicadores de contaminação: microrganismos aeróbios mesófilos e aeróbios psicrotróficos. As análises foram realizadas no Laboratório de Produtos de Origem Animal da Universidade Federal de Roraima. Foi realizada a análise sensorial de acordo com características visualizadas no decorrer do armazenamento do produto, o pH foi determinado por meio do pHmetro e contagem de microrganismos. Dos resultados obtidos, a vida útil da carne moída em relação às análises sensoriais foi em torno de sete dias. O que diz a respeito da qualidade microbiológica da carne moída, segundo a legislação brasileira a carne estava apta para consumo até o décimo dia de armazenamento, com contagens de bactérias mesófilas e psicrotróficas, respectivamente, em torno de 4,3 x 10⁵ UFC/25g e 4,4 x 10⁵ UFC/25g. Quanto aos valores de pH da carne apresentavam-se em conformidade com legislação brasileira vigente, apenas no primeiro dia de armazenamento. No entanto, são necessários mais estudos na região a respeito da qualidade da carne moída, que quando comprometida, pode representar perigos à Saúde Pública.