Background: Clinical data on the relationship between triglycerides (TG)/HDL ratio and insulin resistance (IR) suggest that TG/HDL ratio may be a risk factor for IR. However, there is evidence that different races have different risk of developing IR. The relationship on TG/HDL ratio and IR in various populations needs to be improved. Therefore, we investigated whether TG/HDL ratio was linked to IR in different groups in the United States after controlling for other covariates. Methods: The current research was conducted in a cross-sectional manner. From 2009 to 2018, the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) had a total of 49,696 participants, all of whom were Americans. The target-independent variable was TG/HDL ratio measured at baseline, and the dependent variable was IR. Additionally, the BMI, waist circumference, education, race, smoking, alcohol use, alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, and other covariates were also included in this analysis. Results: The average age of the 10,132 participants was 48.6 ± 18.4 years, and approximately 4936 (48.7%) were males. After correcting for confounders, fully adjusted logistic regression revealed that TG/HDL ratio was correlated with IR (odds ratio = 1.51, 95% CI 1.42–1.59). A nonlinear interaction between TG/HDL ratio and IR was discovered, with a point of 1.06. The impact sizes and CIs on the left and right sides of the inflection point were 6.28 (4.66–8.45) and 1.69 (1.45–1.97), respectively. According to subgroup analysis, the correlation was strong in females, alcohol users, and diabetes patients. Meanwhile, the inverse pattern was observed in the aged, obese, high-income, and smoking populations. Conclusion: In the American population, the TG/HDL ratio is positively associated with IR in a nonlinear interaction pattern.

Background. In the global chronic diseases, type 2 diabetes shows a significant upward trend, and there are more people before prediabetes (impaired glucose tolerance). Many patients with impaired glucose tolerance and undiagnosed diabetes do not know that their glucose metabolism system has been in a state of disorder. Every year, about 5 to 10 of prediabetics develop diabetes. One of the important achieving factors may be the increase in blood lipids. However, it is not clear whether the triglyceride/high-density lipoprotein ratio is associated with impaired glucose tolerance and diabetes in the Chinese population. Therefore, we investigated the relationship between triglyceride/high-density lipoprotein and impaired glucose tolerance and diabetes in the Chinese population. Methods. We conducted a retrospective cohort study using data from the health screening program. The study included 116,855 participants from 32 locations in China, all of whom were adults over 20. Participants measured fasting blood glucose levels at each visit and collected information about their diabetes history. Impaired glucose tolerance was diagnosed as fasting blood glucose 6.00mmol and self-reported diabetes mellitus. The patient was measured on the date of diagnosis or on his last visit (whichever comes first). Results. The results showed that, after adjusting the potential confounding factors, the ratio of TG/HDL was positively correlated with the occurrence of prediabetes and diabetes, and there was a saturation effect. The inflection points were 1.04 and 1.33, respectively. The effect value and 95 confidence interval before and after the inflection point of impaired glucose tolerance patients were 1.57 and (1.42, 1.73) and 1.03 and (1.01, 1.05), respectively. The effect value and 95 confidence interval before and after the inflection point in patients with diabetes were 2.07 and (1.80, 2.39) and 1.08 and (1.04, 1.12).

Background: Previous studies have shown that vitamin D3 (VD3) may be a protective factor for diabetes mellitus (DM), while triglycerides/high-density lipoprotein (TG/HDL) may be a risk factor for diabetes. However, no existing study has elucidated the interaction between TG/HDL and VD3. Therefore, this work aimed to investigate the relationships of TG/HDL with insulin resistance (IR), impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), and DM at different VD3 levels. Methods: With the use of the data from five National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) cycles, a total of 2,929 males and 3,031 females were divided into 4 groups according to their VD3 levels. Logistic regression was performed to observe the associations of TG/HDL ratio with IR, IGT, and DM in different groups. Results: The relationships of TG/HDL with IR, IGT, and DM showed a threshold effect, with the cutoff values of 1.094, 1.51, and 1.11, respectively. On both sides of the cutoff values, the correlation was first weakened and then enhanced with the increase in VD3 levels. Conclusion: TG/HDL is a risk factor for IR, IGT, and DM. Both too low and too high levels of VD3 can strengthen this association, whereas keeping VD3 at a reasonable level helps to reduce the associations of TG/HDL with IR, IGT, and DM.

The phenotypic modulation of vessel smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) plays a crucial role in the physiological and pathological conditions of vasculature in response to local environmental changes. The phenotypic transition of VSMCs is largely modulated by the serum response factor (SRF). miR-181a and miR-181b are members of the well-studied miR-181 family and both have complementary sequence in the 3′ untranslated region (UTR) of SRF gene. In this article, evidence insinuates that miR-181a/b was involved in VSMCs differentiation through upregulating synthetic marker genes and downregulating contractile ones, respectively. We also confirmed the roles of the miR-181a/b in promoting SMC proliferation, migration, and synthetic phenotype transformation. In addition, miR-181a/b was indicated as directly targeting at 3′ UTR of SRF by dual-luciferase assay and Western blot assay. In a word, miR-181a/b is one of the factors involved in VSMC differentiation toward a synthetic phenotype through targeting at SRF. These findings may provide a potential therapeutic approach that miR-181a/b took part in regulating the vessel disorders.

Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is characterized by thrombosis. This systemic review and meta-analysis was to verify the hypothesis that APS might increase the risk of stroke. Studies were identified after literature searching of PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane. Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale Cohort Studies (NOQAS-C) was used to assess the quality of studies. The pooled effect with 95% confidence interval (95% CI) was calculated by random-effect model. -square () was used to test heterogeneity. Funnel plot was used to evaluate publication bias. A total of 17 cohort studies with overall high quality were included. There was no publication bias. Pooled hazard ratio of stroke occurrence in APS patients was 1.76 (1.39-2.21) with low heterogenicity and stable result from sensitivity analysis. In the analysis of subgroups, pooled risk ratios of stroke occurrence in patients with only positive antibodies of APS diagnosis were 1.75 (0.99-3.09), which for the APS patients with other autoimmune diseases were 14.70 (7.56-28.56). APS might be a risk factor of stroke, especially in patients with other autoimmune diseases.