In this study, the effects of different washing cycles on the physico-chemical and sensory properties of surimi from Brama orcini were determined. The isolated muscle from B. orcini was divided into five different treatment lots, WC0 (minced, no washing), WC1 (washing cycle 1), WC2 (washing cycle 2), WC3 (washing cycle 3), and WC4 (washing cycle 4) as washing cycle treatments. Both washed and unwashed samples have been added with cryoprotectants and analysed for physico-chemical and sensory evaluation. Results in this study highlighted that increased washing cycle (WC) improved the waterholding capacity of WC3 (88.89%) and WC4 (86.11%) samples, as compared WC0 (63.84%), WC1 (73.51%), WC2 (82.82%) samples (p<0.05). Three to four washing cycles (WC3, WC4) also favoured a significant reduction in the total ash levels (0.50, 0.45%), increased moisture content (71.5, 74.39%), decreased expressible drip losses (11.11, 13.89%), improved whiteness indices (52.46, 51.74%), and increased product over-all acceptability scores (7.12, 8.44) in surimi without compromising its yield (32.00, 31.23%) and total protein content (22.15, 20.84%). This study suggested that washing three times with cold saltwater (10-15°C) improved the physico-chemical and sensory properties of surimi from B. orcini.

Seaweeds are increasingly valued in the food industry for their bioactive compounds, mainly hydrocolloids like carrageenan. This study investigates E. perplexum, a red seaweed, as a unique and sustainable source of carrageenan with promising functional properties. Using response surface methodology (RSM), the extraction process was optimized through alkaline extraction, identifying optimal conditions of 85 °C for 3 h with 2.58 M KOH, which yielded 77.10% carrageenan. The extracted carrageenan exhibited strong emulsifying activity (71.53 ± 2.41) and color properties comparable to commercial carrageenan, highlighting its viability for food applications. Chemical evaluation revealed a higher sulfate content (8.45 ± 0.16) and slightly reduced carbohydrate levels, which may influence its gelling and stabilizing abilities. Structural examination through ATR-FTIR spectroscopy corroborates the presence of key functional groups, including sulfate esters and galactose derivatives, inferring molecular integrity. These results emphasize the importance of RSM in optimizing extraction and underscore the ability of E. perplexum as a promising source of the derived carrageenan, which is a high-performance additive in food systems. Further research on purification, functional enhancement, and safety assessment is recommended to facilitate its integration into commercial food systems.

Arterial thrombosis (ATh) has been conventionally observed in distinct circumstances, with alterations in risk factors, pathology and treatment since 17.5 million people got affected by cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) in 2012, with 31% of universal deaths annually. Blood coagulation is a vigorous functional process in the human body that is exaggerated by internal and external factors. Similarly, numerous inherited and acquired defects in the coagulation process are also the causative agent for several health-related problems in humans. Currently, many drugs have been approved and used for the treatment of arterial thrombosis but, those drugs are made of chemicals and result in serious health effects. As a result of problems associated with synthetic drugs, many researchers are focussing on alternative medication and looking for substitute treatments. Plants-based experimental studies have shown their significant role in the alternative treatment of thrombosis. Conversely, traditional medicinal plants-derived novel cardiovascular drugs can be used to prevent blood coagulation and treat ATh through various mechanisms. Recently, a wide range of medicinal plants from the family of Fabaceae were used enormously as antithrombotic agents due to their powerful antithrombotic activity. The current review focuses on ATh and its risk factors, diet and prevention methods using medicinal plants from the family Fabaceae and discovering their latent use in the progress of novel multifunctional medications against thrombosis.