This study investigates how entrepreneurship enhances organizational resilience through AI-driven technological innovation under dynamic environments. Using panel data from 3975 Chinese listed firms (2013–2022) and a moderated mediation regression framework, we examine both direct and indirect effects. AI-driven innovation is operationalized through digital patent text analysis, capturing firms’ technological advancement. The results show that entrepreneurship positively affects organizational resilience (p < 0.01) and promotes AI-driven innovation (p < 0.01). AI-driven innovation further mediates the relationship between entrepreneurship and resilience (p < 0.05). Environmental dynamics strengthen the effects of digital innovation on resilience (p < 0.05) and the mediated pathway. These findings provide empirical evidence on how entrepreneurial capabilities and digital innovation jointly support organizational resilience and sustainable development.