With the rapid development of urbanization and industrialization, human activities have caused marine pollution in three ways: land source, air source, and sea source, leading to the problem of marine environments. Remote sensing, with its wide coverage and fast and accurate monitoring capability, continues to be an important tool for marine environment monitoring and evaluation research. This paper focuses on the three types of marine pollution, namely marine seawater pollution, marine debris and microplastic pollution, and marine air pollution. We review the application of remote sensing technology methods for monitoring marine pollution and identify the limitations of existing methods. Marine seawater pollution can be effectively monitored by remote sensing technology, especially where traditional monitoring methods are inadequate. For marine debris and microplastic pollution, the monitoring methods are still in the early stages of development and require further research. For marine air pollution, more air pollution parameters are required for accurate monitoring. Future research should focus on developing marine remote sensing with data, technology, and standard sharing for three-dimensional monitoring, combining optical and physical sensors with biosensors, and using multi-source and multi-temporal monitoring data. A marine multi-source monitoring database is necessary to provide an immediately available basis for coastal and marine governance, improve marine spatial planning, and help coastal and marine protection.

The accessibility of mountain tourist attractions is a prerequisite to enhancing the attractiveness of tourist attractions and driving the well-being of local residential areas, which increases people’s prosperity and the sustainable development of tourist attractions, and achieves the UN’s Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). This paper focuses on the accessibility of typical mountainous areas in the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau, and uses the cost distance and OD distance methods under the guidance of core-edge theory to explore the changes of accessibility of traffic nodes, tourist attractions, and residents with the future enrichment of the traffic road network. The results show that: (1) The change in accessibility will highlight the location advantages of some tourist attractions, which can be prioritized in the context of similar tourist attractions; (2) Regional accessibility improvements require a combination of traffic modes to maximize impact; (3) Residents of different multi-core circles could choose various industrial development patterns based on the accessibility of tourist attractions and residential areas; (4) Group development according to the spatial location and accessibility of tourist attractions can facilitate the virtuous drive among tourist attractions, which achieves the goal of integrated tourism.

Based on the theories of industrial structure and settlement environment, this paper conducts a quantitative and qualitative study to investigate how the evolution in the industrial structure of the island affects the settlement environment with relevant statistical data, local chronicles, and questionnaire survey data. The study found that the industrial structure of Liuheng Island has transformed from a fishery-led to industry-led island, which has led to the rapid increase of urbanization on Liuheng Island, and the public service facilities have been increasingly densely distributed urban-type communities with high modernization levels, such as Longshan Community, Xuanzhuotou Community, and Taimen Community. The local residents of Liuheng Island are also satisfied with the public service facilities in terms of facility availability, transportation convenience, environmental comfort, and environmental health. For a period, the island residents were particularly concerned about the regional differences in environmental health, and the main reasons were the industrial structure upgrade towards industrialization, which would cause certain industrial waste emissions, and the pressure of commuting within the island, which would affect residents’ sense of security. This indicates that the evolution of industrial structure will directly affect the speed and quality of urban and rural settlement hardware construction and also, to a certain extent, the subjective perceptions of residents around the dense industrial areas on the state of the settlement, especially in terms of environmental health and community living safety.

Introduction: Rapid economic intensification poses a significant threat to freshwater security on small islands. This study examines how industrial structural change impacts freshwater use and pollution in Daishan Island, Zhoushan City, China, and explores the co-evolution of freshwater systems with socioeconomic–ecological dimensions to inform sustainable development strategies for small islands. Methods: Using standardized socioeconomic, environmental, and freshwater datasets from 2010 to 2019, we applied information entropy analysis and principal component regression to quantify the effects of industrial evolution on freshwater resources. Results: The results indicate an overall upward trend in the coordination between freshwater use efficiency and socioeconomic development. However, industrial structural evolution significantly influences water pollution levels. Discussion: These findings provide a theoretical basis for optimizing freshwater allocation and utilization, and clarify the mechanisms through which industrial evolution impacts freshwater resources on small islands, offering valuable insights for sustainable development policy in similar small island contexts.