A meaningful engagement of learners is critical in the quality teaching and learning of mathematics at school level. Learner engagement has been an ongoing issue in mathematics classrooms in Nepal and elsewhere. In this context, this study aimed to examine the level of engagement (behavioral, social, emotional, and cognitive activities) and their association with learning mathematics through the virtual mode of instruction during the pandemic. The cross-sectional online survey design was employed among 402 secondary-level mathematics teachers in Nepal. Descriptive statistics, correlation, and structural equation modeling were the major statistical techniques used in research. The findings indicate that the level of behavioral, social, emotional, and cognitive engagement of students was found to be high in the online mode of instruction. Additionally, cognitive engagement has significant highest impact on social, behavior, and emotional engagement.

The main purpose of this paper was to explore mathematics educators’ perception of the cultural relevance of basic level mathematics in Nepal. The design of this study involved an interpretive qualitative approach by administering in-depth interviews with five purposively selected mathematics educators teaching at five higher education institutions in the Kathmandu valley. Each interview was audio-recorded and transcribed for coding and constructing themes. The major themes that emerged were teaching in a mother language, contextualized Ethnomathematics, and the local knowledge in the curriculum as a teaching approach. The findings of the study can be helpful to curriculum designers and teachers at the basic level of mathematics. The study also adds to the literature of cultural aspects of mathematics teaching and learning and curriculum design.

This paper is based on the pilot study that aims to assess the reliability and validity of the attitude measurement scale towards the relevance of mathematical knowledge of real analysis for secondary-level mathematics instruction. Research tool validation and reliability estimation are challenging due to the complexity of its procedure. This study establishes procedural guidance for piloting and tool validation. The survey method was used to conduct the pilot study. Thirty participants filled in the 45 indicators of relevance measurement and 10 mathematical efficacy measurement indicators. The reliability was assessed with Cronbach's Alpha formula while the validity of the questionnaire was examined through item-total correlation with each item by using Pearson's formula. The content validity index was also calculated based on the expert judgment method. The reliability indicator was found to be more than 0.70 and the validity indicator falls in the acceptable range. Therefore, developed scale is valid and reliable to measure the teachers' attitudes on the relevancy of mathematical knowledge of real analysis of school's mathematics instruction based on pilot study results. Furthermore, this study guides the pilot study procedure for survey research and especially benefits those looking to validate their Likert-type survey scale in any research.

This study aimed to investigate ICT competency of mathematics teachers at secondary schools of Nepal. A cross-sectional survey design was deployed among 336 secondary school teachers of Nepal. The data was analyzed by Mann Whitney U, Kruskal Wallis H, and multiple linear regression. Result showed that teachers’ ICT competency level was found to be proficient in the fundamental concept of computers and the use of Internet. In contrast, it was found to be developing-level in software and hardware. Statistically significant results were found in competencies with respect to age, type of school, culture, and district. Additionally, own laptop, Internet use, work experience, knowledge of software and hardware were significant predictors for ICT competency of teachers. The overall findings clarify that ICT enhancement programs are needed for mathematics teachers at secondary schools in Nepal.

Online teaching became an alternative approach for the teacher to run the teaching-learning activities during the COVID-19 pandemic. In this context, this study aimed to identify the issues of mathematics teachers in teaching mathematics through online mode during the pandemic where issues represented the problems and challenges. Altogether 415 mathematics teachers from different levels participated in this cross-sectional survey. A self-constructed tool consisting of six categories of problems as Skills and training related problems (STP), learner related problems (LRP), course management and evaluation related problems (CMERP), resource using skills and infrastructure related problems (RUSIP), teaching related problem (TRP), and support and collaboration related problem (SCP) was employed in the study. T-test, ANOVA, correlation, and multiple linear regression were the major statistical techniques used to analyze the data. The findings indicate that the technical skills and digital resources with the learners and teaching figures and curves were major challenges of mathematics teachers in online mode of instruction. Additionally, gender, number of available devices, institute types, teaching levels, ICT training, and types of job were explanatory factors to determine the challenges of mathematics teachers in online teaching during the pandemic.