Adenosine strongly inhibits the migration of T cells from cancer patients due to reduced KCa3.1 K ⁺ channel activity.

In vitro manipulation of membrane sterol level affects the regulation of ion channels and consequently certain cellular functions; however, a comprehensive study that confirms the pathophysiological significance of these results is missing. The malfunction of 7-dehydrocholesterol (7DHC) reductase in Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome (SLOS) leads to the elevation of the 7-dehydrocholesterol level in the plasma membrane. T lymphocytes were isolated from SLOS patients to assess the effect of the in vivo altered membrane sterol composition on the operation of the voltage-gated Kv1.3 channel and the ion channel-dependent mitogenic responses. We found that the kinetic and equilibrium parameters of Kv1.3 activation changed in SLOS cells. Identical changes in Kv1.3 operation were observed when control/healthy T cells were loaded with 7DHC. Removal of the putative sterol binding sites on Kv1.3 resulted in a phenotype that was not influenced by the elevation in membrane sterol level. Functional assays exhibited impaired activation and proliferation rate of T cells probably partially due to the modified Kv1.3 operation. We concluded that the altered membrane sterol composition hindered the operation of Kv1.3 as well as the ion channel-controlled T cell functions.

Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical and laboratory parameters that can predict the severity of Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C) at admission. Methods: We conducted a single-center, partly retrospective, partly prospective, observational cohort study between November 1, 2020 and December 31, 2021, which included patients aged from 1 month to 19 years, meeting the diagnostic criteria of MIS-C. We categorized the patients into three subgroups based on clinical and laboratory markers and assessed the predictive value of these factors in terms of ICU administration and cardiac abnormalities. Results: 53 patients were classified in the following subgroups: Kawasaki-like disease (group 1) (47.2%, n = 25), shock with or without acute cardiac dysfunction (group 2) (32%, n = 17), fever and inflammation (group 3) (20.8%, n = 11). Subgroup analysis revealed that patients with shock and KD at initial presentation had significantly more severe manifestation of MIS-C requiring intensive care unit (ICU) treatment. Of the initial laboratory values, only CRP showed a significant difference between the 3 clinical groups, being lower in group 3. 52.6% of patients were admitted to the ICU. The median length of ICU stay was 3 days (range 3–20). ICU admission was more likely in patients with shortness of breath, renal failure (AKI) and patients with significantly increased concentrations of ferritin, D-dimer, INR and significantly milder increase concentration of fibrinogen. We found that fibrinogen and ferritin levels are independent risk factors for ICU admission. Cardiac abnormalities were found in 56.6% of total (30/53), with the following findings: decreased left ventricular function (32%), coronary abnormality (11.3%), pericardial effusion (17%), arrhythmia (32.1%) and mitral regurgitation (26.6%). Diarrhea and conjunctivitis at the initial presentation with significantly elevated CRP, Pro-BNP and blood pH concentrations were found to be a potential predisposing factor for decreased cardiac function while Pro-BNP and pH were independent risk factors for MIS-C. Regardless of the initial symptoms of MIS-C, the outcome was generally favorable. Conclusions: Clinical characteristics and baseline laboratory values ​​may help identify patients at increased risk for severe disease outcome, such as need for intensive care, presence of shock and decreased cardiac function. Trial registration: Participation consent was not reqired and ethical considerations were unnecessary, since we did not perform any extra interventions, only the necessary and usual therapeutic and diagnostic methods were used.

Less invasive surfactant administration techniques, together with nasal continuous airway pressure (LISA-nCPAP) ventilation, an emerging noninvasive ventilation (NIV) technique in neonatology, are gaining more significance, even in extremely premature newborns (ELBW), under 27 weeks of gestational age. In this review, studies on LISA-nCPAP are compiled with an emphasis on short- and long-term morbidities associated with prematurity. Several perinatal preventative and therapeutic investigations are also discussed in order to start integrated therapies as numerous organ-saving techniques in addition to lung-protective ventilations. Two thirds of immature newborns can start their lives on NIV, and one third of them never need mechanical ventilation. With adjuvant intervention, these ratios are expected to be increased, resulting in better outcomes. Optimized cardiopulmonary transition, especially physiologic cord clamping, could have an additively beneficial effect on patient outcomes gained from NIV. Organ development and angiogenesis are strictly linked not only in the immature lung and retina, but also possibly in the kidney, and optimized interventions using angiogenic growth factors could lead to better morbidity-free survival. Corticosteroids, caffeine, insulin, thyroid hormones, antioxidants, N-acetylcysteine, and, moreover, the immunomodulatory components of mother’s milk are also discussed as adjuvant treatments, since immature newborns deserve more complex neonatal interventions.

Dysregulated T-cell-mediated immune responses are a hallmark of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), including Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). MicroRNAs (miRNAs) regulate various biological processes and play a significant role in the pathophysiology of numerous diseases. In this study, we aim to clarify the relationship between dysregulated immune response and altered miRNA signatures in patients with IBD. Our goal is to identify differentially expressed miRNAs that could potentially serve as diagnostic markers to differentiate between CD and UC. To quantify circulating miRNAs, we employed small RNA sequencing. To describe immune dysregulation, we determined the levels of circulating T-cell-related cytokines and the distribution of T-cell subpopulations in both circulation and in tissue samples. Our analysis revealed that 14 miRNAs exhibited significant expression differences between IBD patients and control subjects. These miRNAs may also implicate pathways associated with colitis-related colorectal carcinogenesis, suggesting their value in early risk assessment. Furthermore, we found that five miRNAs demonstrated a strong ability to discriminate between CD and UC patients. Additionally, levels of IL-22 and IFN-γ were significantly elevated in individuals with IBD. Notably, miRNA levels showed strong correlations with cytokine levels and T-cell subset distribution in both blood and tissue samples, exhibiting disease-specific patterns. In conclusion, we identified differentially expressed miRNAs in IBD patient groups, and a subset of these miRNAs might exhibit diagnostic potential to distinguish between CD and UC. Analyzing miRNAs in the blood of IBD patients may provide valuable insights into the underlying immune dysfunction.

Bevezetés: Az újszülöttkori hyperbilirubinaemia gyakori jelenség, amelynek pontos monitorozása elengedhetetlen a patológiás esetek biztonságos felismeréséhez. A transcutan bilirubinmérők gyors és noninvazív alternatívát nyújtanak, pontosságukat azonban több tényező befolyásolhatja. Célkitűzés: A Debreceni Egyetem Gyermekgyógyászati Klinikájának Neonatális Intenzív Centrumában alkalmazott három transcutan bilirubinmérő (Dräger JM-105, BiliCare, MBJ20) pontosságának összehasonlítása kapilláris vérmintán a betegágy melletti mérésekhez (POCT) (ABL90 Flex) viszonyítva. Módszer: Érett, icterus jeleit mutató újszülöttekben mindhárom készülékkel párhuzamos mérés történt, melyeket egy órán belül kapilláris vérmintából végzett bilirubinszint-meghatározás követett POCT-módszerrel. A vizsgált és a kontrollmódszerek kapcsolatát lineáris regresszióval, egyezésüket Bland–Altman-analízissel értékeltük. Eredmények: A vizsgálatba 84 újszülöttet vontunk be. Mindhárom eszköz mérési eredménye korrelált a kontrollértékekkel, a legerősebben a BiliCare esetében (r = 0,63). A Bland–Altman-analízis alapján a Dräger JM-105 és az MBJ20 szignifikánsan kisebb értékeket adott a kontrollhoz képest (p<0,001), míg a BiliCare és a POCT-módszer között nem volt érdemi különbség (p = 0,93). Következtetés: A három transcutan bilirubinmérő közül a BiliCare bizonyult a legmegbízhatóbbnak, míg a másik két eszköz a bilirubinszintek alulbecslésére hajlamos. Transcutan mérők alkalmazása csak megfelelő indikáció mellett, szükség esetén kapilláris vagy vénás vérből végzett vizsgálatokkal kiegészítve ajánlott. Orv Hetil. 2026; 167(25): 997–1001.