Background: Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs), which have high rates of recurrence, amputation, and death, are a significant complication in the therapy of diabetes. Chronic inflammation, vascular dysfunction, and peripheral neuropathy are the results of their etiology, which includes dysregulated glucose homeostasis. These elements contribute to the poor clinical outcomes of DFUs and their complexity. Exosomes, which are natural nanovesicles that promote intercellular communication by transporting functional molecular cargos such as proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids, are being investigated as novel treatment approaches for diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs). These exosomes present a viable therapy option for DFU because they can alter cellular functions and promote wound healing. Methods: To improve wound healing in patients with diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs), we assessed the safety and effectiveness of Wharton’s jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cell (WJ-MSC) exosomes in this study. 110 individuals with persistent DFUs participated in our research. Three groups were randomly selected from among the participants. For 4 weeks, the first group got weekly topical application of WJ-MSC exosome along with standard of care (SOC); the second control group received SOC alone; and the third placebo group received SOC together with CMC (the exosome vehicle). While effectiveness outcomes comprised the rate of wound closure and the duration to full epithelialization, safety endpoints included the frequency of adverse events. Results: According to our study’s findings, 53 patients (62%) had fully recovered by the end of the study, and the treated group had a significantly higher percentage of patients who had fully recovered than the control group. The treated group’s mean time to fully recover was 6 weeks (range: 4–8 weeks), while the controls were 20 weeks (range: 12–28 weeks). Conclusions: Our research proved that MSC-Exos is a viable treatment option for DFUs. MSC-Exos provide a multimodal approach to improve wound healing outcomes in diabetes patients.

The fundamental purpose of this work is to determine the anti‐inflammatory/antioxidant activity of stem cell conditioned medium enhanced by mono‐ or dual‐doped TiO ₂ nanoparticles. The transmission electron microscope, X‐ray diffraction, and energy‐dispersive X‐ray analyses are used to characterize the nanoparticles. Isolation/characterization of adipose tissue mesenchymal stem cells (AD‐MSCs) is done. In vitro assays reveal that protein denaturation and proteinase induction are significantly increased with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) comparable to control, while treatments significantly decrease the induction compared to LPS. In vitro assays reveal decreasing in hydroxyl radical scavenging and DPPH radical scavenging activities with LPS, while treatments significantly increase the activity compared to LPS. Induction with LPS decreases in vitro catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) expression levels and enzyme activities are significantly compared to controls, while treatments significantly increase the CAT expression compared to LPS. Induction with LPS increases the in vitro interleukin 4 (IL4), IL6, IL10, and tumor necrosis factor α expression levels, and their activities significantly decline with treatment compared to controls, while treatments significantly decline expression compared to LPS. The anti‐inflammatory and antioxidant properties of AD‐MSC‐conditioned medium enhanced with mono‐ or dual‐doped TiO ₂ nanoparticles are identified in this investigation. To sum up, the work has shown that mono‐ and dual‐doped TiO ₂ can inhibit the inflammation caused by LPS in vitro.

Psoriasis is a chronic skin disorder with significant individual and societal impacts. Current therapies often lack efficacy, are costly, or cause side effects, necessitating new treatments. This study explores regenerative therapies—exosomes, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), epigallocatechin-3-gallate nanoparticles (EGN), and EGN-loaded exosomes (EGN-Exo)—in regulating psoriasis-related markers (IL-6, IL-4, Bcl-2, Bax, NF-κB, CDC25B). An imiquimod-induced psoriasis model in Wistar rats was used, with six groups: negative control, positive control, and treatments (MSCs, exosomes, EGN, EGN-Exo). After seven days, ELISA revealed EGN-Exo most effectively reduced pro-inflammatory IL-6 and pro-apoptotic Bax while increasing anti-inflammatory IL-4 and anti-apoptotic Bcl-2. EGN-Exo also significantly lowered NF-κB and CDC25B, demonstrating superior anti-inflammatory effects. Apoptosis profiling showed EGN-Exo reduced late apoptotic cells, highlighting cytoprotective abilities. EGN had a moderate effect, while MSCs and exosomes showed modest improvements. Histopathological and immunohistochemical analyses confirmed EGN-Exo’s efficacy, notably reducing TGF-β expression. These findings suggest EGN-Exo combines EGCG’s antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties with exosomes’ targeted delivery, offering a promising advanced therapy for psoriasis.