Food waste is seen as a societal, economic, and environmental challenge, threatening food security and causing natural resource overconsumption and nutrition loss. There is inequality in the distribution of food resources around the world and many countries have been suffering from hunger while others have excess food that goes to waste. Indeed, the Food and Agriculture Organization estimates that we entered 2022 with 828 million hungry people, the majority of whom are women and children suffering from malnutrition, wasting, and stunting. Moreover, the UNEP Food Waste Index 2021 indicated that nearly 931 million tons of food waste were produced in 2019, of which 61% originated from households, 26% from restaurants and food service, and 13% from retail. This, of course, hinders the achievement of the zero hunger goal by 2030. In this context, we analyze the main challenges and opportunities of using food waste produced by tourism activities using an S (Strengths), W (Weaknesses), O (Opportunities), and T (threats) analysis. The analysis shows that the challenges could be a source of important opportunities. We recommend enhancing the awareness of restaurants and food business owners about the impacts of increasing food waste on the economy and environment, and about the importance of waste selection and adopting the circular bioeconomy concept for the sustainable development of their businesses.

Soil erosion by water threatens soil stability in Northwest Morocco. Various techniques have been used to study the phenomenon. This study applies an approach based on measurements of Caesium-137 (¹³⁷Cs), in situ magnetic susceptibility, and organic matter at two agricultural sites located in El Hachef watershed (Tangier-Tetouan-Al Hoceima region) to evaluate the correlations between these techniques in evaluating the status of soil erosion. Measurements of magnetic susceptibility, ¹³⁷Cs, and organic matter were taken along two parallel transects in Field 1 and a single transect in Field 2. A stable reference site near the studied fields was selected and sampled to represent the initial ¹³⁷Cs stock in the area. Soil stability in the two agro-systems is evaluated and compared with the reference site. In the reference site, the mean ¹³⁷Cs activity is 1707 Bq/m², magnetic susceptibility is 0.296∗10^-3 SI, and organic matter content is 8.15 %. In Field 1, ¹³⁷Cs activities range from 135 to 1586 Bq/m², magnetic susceptibility measurements range from 0.009∗10^-3 SI to 0.169∗10^-3 SI, and organic matter content varies between 4.41 % and 7.74 %. In Field 2, ¹³⁷Cs activities range from 88 to 1558 Bq/m², magnetic susceptibility measurements range from 0.021∗10^-3 SI to 0.165∗10^-3 SI, and organic matter content varies from 3.81 % to 7.22 %. The results show that the areal activities of ¹³⁷Cs and magnetic susceptibility measurements are highly correlated (around 80 %) and the correlation factors for these parameters with the organic matter are over 70 % and 60 %, respectively. Estimated erosion rates based on Mass Balance Model 2 are 28.4 t/ha/yr in Field 1 and 42.7 t/ha/yr in Field 2. The multidisciplinary approach highlights the complementarity nature of the measured parameters in documenting soil movements.