A modification of brick waste by acid or base solutions was carried out to enhance its physicochemical properties. Treating brick waste with acid did not improve the removal capacity of basic blue 41. However, treating the brick waste with base increased its removal capacity two fold. The adsorption capacity (percentage of removal) decreased from 100% to 10% when the initial concentrations of basic blue and dose of the brick waste increased from 25 to 900 mg/L. The particle size of non treated brick waste affected also the removal capacity; more dye was removed with a smaller particle diameter, at the same initial dye concentrations. The resulting experimental equilibrium data were well-represented by the Langmuir isotherm, and the kinetic data fit a pseudo-second order model well. The maximum removal of basic blue 41 dye was 60–70 mg/g

Nano Molybdenum trioxide (α-MoO₃) was synthesized in an easy and efficient approach. The removal of methylene blue (MB) in aqueous solutions was studied using this material. The effects of various experimental parameters, for example contact time, pH, temperature and initial MB concentration on removal capacity were explored. The removal of MB was significantly affected by pH and temperature and higher values resulted in increase of removal capacity of MB. The removal efficiency of Methylene blue was 100% at pH = 11 for initial dye concentrations lower than 150 ppm, with a maximum removal capacity of 152 mg/g of MB as gathered from Langmuir model. By comparing the kinetic models (pseudo first-order, pseudo second-order and intraparticle diffusion model) at various conditions, it has been found that the pseudo second-order kinetic model correlates with the experimental data well. The thermodynamic study indicated that the removal was endothermic, spontaneous and favorable. The thermal regeneration studies indicated that the removal efficiency (99%) was maintained after four cycles of use. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) confirmed the presence of the MB dye on the α-MoO₃ nanoparticles after adsorption and regeneration. The α-MoO₃ nanosorbent showed excellent removal efficiency before and after regeneration, suggesting that it can be used as a promising adsorbent for removing Methylene blue dye from wastewater.