Objectives: To compare perioperative outcomes and learning curves of robotic hysterectomy and transvaginal natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (V-NOTES) hysterectomy performed for benign gynecological conditions in a high-volume tertiary center. Methods: This retrospective cohort study included 100 patients who underwent either robotic hysterectomy (n = 44) or V-NOTES hysterectomy (n = 56) between January 2024 and July 2025. Demographic data, perioperative parameters, and postoperative outcomes were collected. Learning curves were analyzed using cumulative sum (CUSUM) and quadratic regression models. Results: A total of 100 patients were included (44 robotic, 56 V-NOTES). Baseline demographics were comparable between groups. The postoperative hemoglobin decrease was significantly lower in the robotic group (0.96 ± 0.64 g/dL vs. 1.33 ± 0.93 g/dL, p < 0.05), whereas uterine weight was higher in the V-NOTES cohort (182.6 ± 125.9 vs. 123.2 ± 60.4 g, p < 0.05). Complication rates, including three bladder injuries in the V-NOTES group and one in the robotic group, showed no significant difference. Hospital stay was similar across groups. Conclusions: Both techniques are safe and effective. Robotic hysterectomy offers shorter operative time and less blood loss, while V-NOTES provides cosmetic and recovery advantages. Learning curve analysis indicates a longer adaptation period for V-NOTES, with anterior colpotomy as the most critical step, whereas robotic hysterectomy demonstrates a shorter and more straightforward learning process.

Aim: Adolescent pregnancy remains a major global public health concern, particularly in low- and middle-income regions. Biological immaturity combined with social vulnerability predisposes adolescent mothers to adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes. This study aimed to evaluate the sociodemographic characteristics, antenatal care patterns, and obstetric and neonatal outcomes of adolescent pregnancies compared with adult pregnancies.Materials and Methods: This retrospective cohort study included 1,060 mothers who delivered at a tertiary referral center in western Türkiye between 2018 and 2023. Women aged ≤19 years were classified as adolescents and compared with adults aged 20–34 years. Demographic features, antenatal care utilization, and neonatal outcomes were obtained from hospital records. Categorical variables were analyzed using chi-square tests and continuous variables with Student’s t-test.Results: Of the cohort, 660 were adolescents and 400 were adults. Adolescents presented significantly later for antenatal care (p < 0.001) and had fewer antenatal visits. First-trimester screening uptake was extremely low in adolescents, with 89.5% receiving no screening (p < 0.001). Adolescents had higher cesarean delivery rates (p < 0.001). Overall pregnancy complications were more frequent in adolescents (p < 0.001), with fetal growth restriction significantly higher (6.4% vs. 1.3%). Preterm birth occurred more often among adolescents (p = 0.016). Neonates of adolescent mothers had significantly lower 1- and 5-minute APGAR scores, and low 5-minute APGAR (

Background and Aims: Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) is a significant precancerous lesion in which the development of cervical cancer can be prevented through early diagnosis and appropriate treatment. The loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP) is a widely used and effective method for managing these lesions. This study aimed to evaluate the risk factors for surgical margin positivity and residual disease following LEEP. Materials and Methods: This retrospective cohort study included 195 patients who underwent LEEP between 2023 and 2024. Demographic characteristics, cytology, biopsy findings, HPV genotype, and histopathological outcomes were recorded. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to identify risk factors for margin positivity and residual disease. Missing data and follow-up losses were reported and addressed using complete-case analysis. Results: The mean age of the patients was 38.7 ± 6.2 years, and 53.8% were smokers. Surgical margin positivity after LEEP was detected in 21.5% of cases, with endocervical margin involvement observed in 12.8%. Multivariate analysis identified HPV 16 positivity (aOR: 2.75), HSIL cytology (aOR: 2.30), CIN 3 on biopsy (aOR: 3.10), and smoking (aOR: 2.45) as independent risk factors for margin positivity or residual disease. Postoperative HPV negativity rates were 76.9% at 12 months and 84.6% at 24 months. Conclusion: HPV genotype, preoperative cytology, lesion grade, smoking status, and endocervical margin involvement significantly influence the risk of recurrence. Optimizing excision depth, implementing risk-based follow-up, and monitoring HPV clearance can improve outcomes.