In this article, polylactic acid-based composites reinforced with 5% of polyethylene, iron, and magnesium powders were prepared by extrusion and compressed under the pressure of about 10 MPa and characterized. These composites were mechanically, thermally, and morphologically evaluated. It was found, compared to the pure polylactic acid (PLA), an improvement in tensile strength (both σ and YS_0.2) was obtained for the composite with the iron powder addition, while the magnesium powder slightly improved the ductility of the composite material (from 2.0 to 2.5%). Degradation studies of these composites in the 0.9% saline solution over a period of 180 days revealed changes in the pH of the solution from acidic to alkaline, in all samples. The most varied mass loss was observed in the case of the PLA-5%Mg sample, where initially the sample mass increased (first 30 days) then decreased, and after 120 days, the mass increased again. In the context of degradation phenomenon of the tested materials, it turns out that the most stable is the PLA composite with the Fe addition (PLA-5%Fe), with highest tensile strength and hardness.

Precision manufacturing requirements are the key to ensuring the quality and reliability of biomedical implants. The powder bed fusion (PBF) technique offers a promising solution, enabling the creation of complex, patient-specific implants with a high degree of precision. This technology is revolutionizing the biomedical industry, paving the way for a new era of personalized medicine. This review explores and details powder bed fusion 3D printing and its application in the biomedical field. It begins with an introduction to the powder bed fusion 3D-printing technology and its various classifications. Later, it analyzes the numerous fields in which powder bed fusion 3D printing has been successfully deployed where precision components are required, including the fabrication of personalized implants and scaffolds for tissue engineering. This review also discusses the potential advantages and limitations for using the powder bed fusion 3D-printing technology in terms of precision, customization, and cost effectiveness. In addition, it highlights the current challenges and prospects of the powder bed fusion 3D-printing technology. This work offers valuable insights for researchers engaged in the field, aiming to contribute to the advancement of the powder bed fusion 3D-printing technology in the context of precision manufacturing for biomedical applications.

Non-destructive testing (NDT) methods are critical for evaluating the structural integrity of and detecting defects in composite materials across industries such as aerospace and renewable energy. This review examines the recent trends and successful implementations of NDT approaches for composite materials, focusing on articles published between 2015 and 2025. A systematic literature review identified 120 relevant articles, highlighting techniques such as ultrasonic testing (UT), acoustic emission testing (AET), thermography (TR), radiographic testing (RT), eddy current testing (ECT), infrared thermography (IRT), X-ray computed tomography (XCT), and digital radiography testing (DRT). These methods effectively detect defects such as debonding, delamination, and voids in fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites. The selection of NDT approaches depends on the material properties, defect types, and testing conditions. Although each technique has advantages and limitations, combining multiple NDT methods enhances the quality assessment of composite materials. This review provides insights into the capabilities and limitations of various NDT techniques and suggests future research directions for combining NDT methods to improve quality control in composite material manufacturing. Future trends include adopting multimodal NDT systems, integrating digital twin and Industry 4.0 technologies, utilizing embedded and wireless structural health monitoring, and applying artificial intelligence for automated defect interpretation. These advancements are promising for transforming NDT into an intelligent, predictive, and integrated quality assurance system.

Fiber-reinforced composites are widely utilized across various industries, including aerospace, automotive, and marine, due to their outstanding mechanical properties and lightweight characteristics. Natural fibers, as promising reinforcements, have the potential to replace synthetic fibers in certain areas to meet the growing demand for environmental protection and sustainability. These biocomposites offer numerous benefits, including reduced carbon footprints, diminished reliance on non-renewable resources, and increased natural biodegradability. In addition, utilizing such eco-friendly materials is a critical strategy for balancing industry progress and environmental protection. Kenaf fiber, a superior bast fiber known for its excellent mechanical properties and high cellulose content, presents considerable advantages for enhancing the performance of biocomposites. This review explores the potential of kenaf fiber-reinforced biocomposites for marine applications, focusing on their fabrication and testing methods to evaluate their physicochemical and mechanical properties. This paper examines the chemical composition and mechanical properties of the kenaf fiber, investigates the excellent performance advantages of kenaf fiber-based biocomposites by hybridization manufacturing, and provides an overview of the status and challenges of applying such biocomposites in marine environments. Based on this review, it is evident that kenaf fiber-reinforced biocomposites have significant superiority for marine applications with the advancement of manufacturing techniques.

Natural composites are emerging as promising alternative materials for 3D printing in biomedical applications due to their biocompatibility, sustainability, and unique mechanical properties. The use of natural composites offers several advantages, including reduced environmental impact, enhanced biodegradability, and improved tissue compatibility. These materials can be processed into filaments or resins suitable for various 3D printing techniques, such as fused deposition modeling (FDM). Natural composites also exhibit inherent antibacterial properties, making them particularly suitable for applications in tissue engineering, drug delivery systems, and biomedical implants. This review explores the potential of utilizing natural composites in additive manufacturing for biomedical purposes, discussing the historical development of 3D printing techniques; the types of manufacturing methods; and the optimization of material compatibility, printability, and mechanical properties to fully realize the potential of using natural fibers in 3D printing for biomedical applications.

The long-term oxidation resistance of the Fe–14Cr–2W–0.3Ti–0.3Y₂O₃ oxide dispersion strengthened reduced activation ferritic steel was investigated. The results of the long-term oxidation at 750 °C for 10000 h in air revealed that the weight gain of the ODS ferritic steel was exceptionally low (<3.5 × 10⁻³ g/cm⁻²) and that the long-term oxidation rate follows the parabolic law. The parabolic rate constant, which was calculated from the mass change during the ageing process was equal to 2.0 × 10⁻⁹ g²/cm⁴ h. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observations of the cross section of the specimen after being aged for 10000 h revealed an oxide scale with the non-uniform thickness ranging from 2.0 to 5.0 μm enriched with Cr–Mn oxide. On the contrary to the SEM observations of the ODS steel scale following the annealing process at 1350 °C, it was revealed that the material had a multi-layer scale with the thickness equal to ~20 μm. The outer layer, with the approximate thickness of 15 μm, was mainly composed of 30Fe–22Cr–8W–2Si–38O (in wt%), whereas the inner part of the layer was predominantly made of 76Fe–14Cr–2W–10O.