Air pollution in major cities of developing countries is a matter of great concern for managers, scientists, and people. In recent years, many studies have been done to simulate and forecast air quality for big cities in Vietnam as well as in the world with many air quality models have been used. However, studies using air quality models to evaluate the capacity of receiving air emission load in the atmospheric environment in local scale have not been carried out, especially in Vietnam. Therefore, the objective of this study is to assess load-carrying capacity in the atmospheric environment on a local scale for a smaller city at Mekong Delta, with a case study of Can Tho city, Vietnam. The FVM-TAPOM model system was established for the study area with the smallest grid resolution of 2km x 2km. The study results show that the atmospheric environment in Can Tho city still can receive more air emissions according to two seasons of the year (dry and rainy seasons) which are different depending on the seasonal wind direction. The central districts of Can Tho city (Ninh Kieu, Cai Rang, Binh Thuy, O Mon, and Thot Not) can only receive a smaller amount of emissions compared to the others (Vinh Thanh, Co Do, Thoi Lai, and Phong Dien). The amount of air emissions that can be received at the central districts is as follows: CO from 82,000 to 172,000 tons/year/district (696 – 2,142 tons/year/km2); SO2 from 3,800 to 4,900 tons/year/district (31 – 56 tons/year/km2); NOx from 217 to 328 tons/year/district (1.8 – 3.4 tons/year/km2). Similarly, the remaining districts can be received the emission is 164,000 – 653,000 tons of CO/year/district (1,308 – 2,555 tons/year/km2); 5,500 – 7,300 tons of SO2/year/district (17 – 29 tons/year/km2) and 31,000 – 44,000 tons of NOx/year/district (77 – 147 tons/year/km2).

In the socio-economic development of Ba ria-Vung tau province, industrial development plays an important role, including the heavy industry of producing steel and steel billets from scrap. Currently, in the province, there are 6 steel factories that produce steel from scrap and operate in Phu My town. During the production process, although factories installed exhaust gas treatment facilities, the treatment has not been effective, leading to air pollution from steel factories becoming one of the issues that have received local attention recently. The study calculated air pollution emissions and used the TAPMAERMOD model system to simulate the dispersion of air pollution from a steel factory to surrounding areas, of which one factory was selected for a case study (in Phu My town). Simulation results showed that the highest 1-hour, 24-hour, or 8-hour average concentrations of SO2, NO2, CO, PM10, and PM2.5 all reached QCVN 05:2023/BTNMT in both seasons (dry and rainy). Meanwhile, the highest 1-hour average concentration of TSP exceeds 2.3 times (in the dry season) and 2.0 times (in the rainy season) in QCVN 05:2023/BTNMT. The study also simulated in the case of problem with exhaust gas treatment systems. In addition, the study calculated the environmental safety distance for the surrounding area and proposed measures to reduce air pollution from steel factories.

Tra Vinh is a coastal province in the Mekong Delta region. In recent years, increasing economic and social development activities have been creating great pressure on the air environment in the province. Therefore, it is very necessary to develop a provincial air quality management plan to provide solutions to manage and control air pollution in the province. The study conducted an emissions inventory from three main sources (mobile, point and area sources) by using the emission factor method. Emission inventory results show that point source emission is dominated by NO2 (64.4%) and SO2 (92.7%). Meanwhile, the main pollutant of traffic source is CO (69.0%) and area source are TSP, PM10 and PM2.5 (59.1%, 72.5% and 71.1% respectively). Emission inventory data is used as input data for air quality simulation study (FVM-TAPOM model) according to the current scenario in 2022. In addition, the study also builds scenarios pollution emissions based on Tra Vinh's socio-economic development planning to 2025. The simulation results show that the air quality in Tra Vinh province is still good, the simulated parameters values lower than the threshold according to QCVN 05:2023/BTNMT. On that basis, the study has developed solutions to control air environment quality in the coming time, contributing to sustainable development for the locality and the Mekong Delta region.

This research used sociological survey method combined with Likert scale and the factor analysis method to assess adaptability to climate change from 4 factors including awareness of climate change, experience in responding to climate change, government support and access to resources. Based on the results of social survey of 10 districts related to agricultural activities in Ho Chi Minh City, the research calculated the score for 4 criteria and zoning for climate change adaptation value for each district. The results showed that high and average - resilient districts were Cu Chi, 9 and 12. Cu Chi was rated to have the highest adaptability, with an overall adaptability value of 0.86. Indeed, Cu Chi district was noted for having support from the government and access to the highest level of support among the 10 districts. Meanwhile, Binh Chanh, Go Vap and Thu Duc districts were located in a low adaptability area