This article describes and evaluates an Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) for waste heat recovery system both theoretically as well as experimentally. Based on the thermodynamic analysis of the exhaust gas temperature identified at different locations of the exhaust manifold of an engine, the double-pipe, internally–externally protruded, finned counter flow heat exchanger was innovatively designed and installed in diesel engine for exhaust waste heat recovery (WHR). The tests were conducted to find the performance of heat recovery system by varying the fin geometries of the heat exchanger. The effect of heat exchanger on emission parameters is investigated and presented in this work. The experimental results demonstrated that the amount of heat transfer rate, the effectiveness of heat exchange rand the brake thermal efficiency improved with an increase in length and number of the fins. A significant reduction was observed in all major emissions after the implementation of catalytic-coated, protracted finned counter flow heat exchanger. It also demonstrated the possibility of electric power production using steam turbo-electric-generator setup driven by the recovered exhaust heat energy.

The emissions from direct injection (DI) diesel engines remain a serious setback from the viewpoint of environmental pollution, especially for those who have been persuaded to use biofuel as an alternative fuel. The main drawbacks of using biofuels and their mixtures in DI diesel engines are increased emissions and decreased brake thermal efficiency (BTE) compared to using neat diesel fuel. The current study analyses the biodiesel made from cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL) using a single-cylinder, direct-injection diesel engine to validate the engine’s performance and discharge characteristics. In addition to the improved CNSL and a twin-fuel engine that runs on hydrogen, ethanol was added to the fuel at rates of 5%, 10%, and 15%. The investigation was conducted using a single-cylinder direct injection diesel engine at steady-state settings, above the sustained engine speed (1500 RPM). Several performance parameters and pollutant emissions, such as hydrocarbons (HC), carbon monoxide (CO), and nitrogen oxides (NO_X) were tracked during this study. According to the experimental findings, the biodiesel mixture’s brake heat was reduced by 26.79% in comparison to the diesel fuel. The brake-specific fuel consumption (BSFC) declined with the addition of hydrogen to the CNSL mixture. An increase in the BTE with increasing concentrations of hydrogen in the CNSL fuel blend was observed. The best blends of ethanol and CNSL–hydrogen perceptibly increased the exhaust gas temperature and NO_X emissions, while also producing the fewest HC and CO emissions. The current research acts as a novel paradigm that makes it possible to comprehend the exergy related to mass or energy exchanges as a by-product of thermodynamic quality and quantity.

Wind Energy Conversion System (WECS) plays an inevitable role across the world. WECS consist of many components and equipment’s such as turbines, hub assembly, yaw mechanism, electrical machines; power electronics based power conditioning units, protection devices, rotor, blades, main shaft, gear-box, mainframe, transmission systems and etc. These machinery and devices technologies have been developed on gradually and steadily. The electrical machine used to convert mechanical rotational energy into electrical energy is the core of any WECS. Many electrical machines (generator) has been used in WECS, among the generators the Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generators (PMSGs) have gained special focus, been connected with wind farms to become the most desirable due to its enhanced efficiency in power conversion from wind energy turbine. This article provides a review of literatures and highlights the updates, progresses, and revolutionary trends observed in WECS-based PMSGs. The study also compares the geared and direct-driven conversion systems. Further, the classifications of electrical machines that are utilized in WECS are also discussed. The literature review covers the analysis of design aspects by taking various topologies of PMSGs into consideration. In the final sections, the PMSGs are reviewed and compared for further investigations. This review article predominantly emphasizes the conceptual framework that shed insights on the research challenges present in conducting the proposed works such as analysis, suitability, design, and control of PMSGs for WECS.

In the earlier stage of 1500 BC’S composites were invented. The initial stage of composites was created with the help of mixing the mud and straw for construction purpose, in order to build strong and durable component in the view, to ensure the longer life on the products. After some years, the usage of composite materials is become more, depends on different applications such as appliances, construction, electrical distribution, energy and marine usages and so on. Since the past few decades’ natural fibres plays a vital role in structural applications such as ease of fabrication, low cost, high durability, and for low thermal properties. In the present experimental investigation work, jute fiber has been chosen as the reinforcement agent along with the epoxy matrix material. With help of the hand layup technique the composites have been fabricated along with the standard ratio of (3% & 6%) calcium carbonate as the filler material. The fabricated jute fiber reinforced epoxy matrix (standard ratio of calcium carbonate filler) laminate were cut as per the ASTM standards to do the tests like tensile, flexural & impact, in order to completely analyse the physical strengths of the laminate, and the same data’s were compared with filler materials and without filler material. At last the fractured surfaces were thoroughly investigated with help of scanning electron microscope to understand the morphological behaviour of the fabricated composite.