Accurate recognition of the canopy is a prerequisite for precision orchard yield estimation. This paper proposed an enhanced LA-dpv3+ approach for the recognition of cherry canopies based on UAV image data, with a focus on enhancing feature representation through the implementation of an attention mechanism. The attention mechanism module was introduced to the encoder stage of the DeepLabV3+ architecture, which improved the network’s detection accuracy and robustness. Specifically, we developed a diagonal discrete cosine transform feature strategy within the attention convolution module to extract finer details of canopy information from multiple frequency components. The proposed model was constructed based on a lightweight DeepLabv3+ network architecture that incorporates a MobileNetv2 backbone, effectively reducing computational costs. The results demonstrate that our proposed method achieved a balance between computational cost and the quality of results when compared to competing approaches. Our model’s accuracy exceeded 89% while maintaining a modest model size of only 46.8 MB. The overall performance indicated that with the help of a neural network, segmentation failures were notably reduced, particularly in high-density weed conditions, resulting in significant increases in accuracy (ACC), F1-score, and intersection over union (IOU), which were increased by 5.44, 3.39, and 8.62%, respectively. The method proposed in this paper may be applied to future image-based applications and contribute to automated orchard management.

Jacobaea maritima is an important horticulture plant in the genus Jacobaea. Here, we assembled the complete chloroplast genome of J. maritima. The chloroplast genome was 153,857 bp in length, with a pair of inverted repeat regions (IRs) (27,936 bp) separated by a large single-copy region (LSC) (82,771 bp) and a small single-copy region (SSC) (15,214 bp). The complete chloroplast genome contained 112 unique genes, including 79 protein-coding genes, 29 tRNA genes, and 4 rRNA genes. The phylogenetic analysis showed Jacobaea was more closely related to Senecio, Crassocephalum and Gynura. The chloroplast genome of J. maritima can provide data to support future phylogenetic studies of Jacobaea.

Gardenia jasminoides , belonging to the Rubiaceae family, is widely distributed and planted in China. It has traditionally been used as an ornamental and medicinal plant in several Asian countries. The rapid development of high-throughput sequencing technology makes it feasible to obtain complete chloroplast (cp) genome sequences and will deepen our understanding of evolution of G. jasminoides . In this study, we sequenced the complete cp genomes of two botanical varieties of G. jasminoides . The complete cp genomes of both botanical varieties of G. jasminoides showed highly conserved structures and the length was 154,954 base pairs (bp) for G. jasminoides var. radicans (GJR) and 155,098 bp for G. jasminoides var. grandiflora (GJG). A total of 132 and 133 genes were identified in GJR and GJG, respectively. The cp genomes of two newly sequenced G. jasminoides were further compared with two published G. jasminoides cp genomes. Multiple repeats and simple sequence repeats (SSRs) were detected among different genotypes of G. jasminoides . The intron sequences of rps16 and rpl16 genes were slightly divergent among four genotypes of G. jasminoides . Phylogenetic analyses based on the complete cp genome sequences showed that G. jasminoides was closely associated with Fosbergia shweliensis , with Coffea as their close relative. Taken together, the complete cp genomes of GJG and GJR provided significant insights and important information that can be used to identify related species and reconstruct their phylogeny.

Teucrium fruticans L. is a shrub in Lamiaceae that is native to Mediterranean countries where it is used in medicine ornamental gardens. Here, we report the complete chloroplast genome of T. fruticans which is 150,808 bp in length, with a pair of inverted repeat regions (IRs) (25,597 bp) separated by a large single-copy area (LSC) (82,634 bp) and a small single-copy area (SSC) (16,912 bp). The completed chloroplast genome of T. fruticans comprises 130 unique genes, including 86 protein-coding genes, 36 tRNA genes, and eight rRNA genes. The results of the phylogenetic analysis significantly supported the grouping of T. fruticans with nine Teucrium species. The complete chloroplast genome of T. fruticans can provide a powerful tool to accelerate breeding, biotechnological and phylogenetic study.

Salt stress restricts tea production by causing Na⁺ accumulation in leaves, disrupting K⁺ homeostasis, and elevating ROS levels. In Camellia, the CHX genes that may counteract these effects remain poorly defined. Using a 14-genome panel, we identified 436 CHX genes and grouped them into 26 orthologous gene groups (OGGs), including 18 core, 2 soft-core, and 6 shell. A tea-only reference captured only part of this structure; three OGGs present in 7-12 genomes were absent from tea. At the family level, dispersed and tandem duplications were the most frequent duplication classes, whereas soft-core and shell genes showed distinct duplication profiles. Among 377 high-confidence gene pairs, 98.4% had Ka/Ks values below 1, indicating that purifying selection predominates across the family. Unexpectedly, core pairs had higher Ka/Ks values than dispensable pairs. Expression analysis showed that most CHX genes were expressed at low levels across tissues. Salt treatment induced six low-abundance genes, and qRT-PCR highlighted CsCHX.CR008, CsCHX.CR012, CsCHX.SH006, and CsCHX.CR017 as priority candidates for salt-tolerance studies. Collectively, this pan-genome-scale study establishes an evolutionary framework for the CHX family in the genus Camellia, showing that duplication, presence–absence variation, copy-number variation, and conservation class are associated with distinct salt-responsive expression patterns. These findings provide genomic resources and valuable insights for dissecting CHX function and supporting future breeding efforts toward improved salt tolerance in Camellia.