Cellulose emerges as an alternative for the treatment of water contaminated with heavy metals due to its abundant biomass and its proven potential in the adsorption of pollutants. The aquatic plantEichhornia crassipesis an option as raw material in the contribution of cellulose due to its enormous presence in contaminated wetlands, rivers, and lakes. The efficiency in the removal of heavy metals is due to the cation exchange between the hydroxyl groups and carboxyl groups present in the biomass ofE. crassipeswith heavy metals. Through different chemical and physical transformations of the biomass ofE. crassipesThe objective of this review article is to provide a discussion on the different mechanisms of adsorption of the biomass ofE. crassipesto retain heavy metals and dyes. In addition to estimating equilibrium, times through kinetic models of adsorption and maximum capacities of this biomass through equilibrium models with isotherms, in order to design one biofilter for treatment systems on a larger scale represented the effluents of a real industry.

The aim of this work is to design a fixed-bed column with vegetal biomass of Eichhornia crassipes and the process of recycling it for treatment via the adsorption of water loaded with chromium (VI). In the first stage, the relationship between the fixed-bed density and the microparticle density is calculated, giving a model for the design of the fixed bed. Using this model, two systems for the treatment of Cr (VI)-contaminated water were designed and built. The vegetable biomass at three particle diameters of 0.212 mm, 0.30 mm and 0.45 mm was evaluated in the removal of Cr (VI) from water using the designed fixed-bed systems, giving the best removal of Cr (VI) with the lowest size particles and allowing the validation of the proposed model with the Thomas model. The incorporation of iron into the biomass allowed for the treatment of near 2.0 L of polluted solution, removing around 90% of Cr (VI), while it was only possible to treat nearly 1.5 L when using raw biomass, removing around 80% of Cr (VI). The recycling of the biomass was achieved via the elution of Cr (VI) with EDTA, permitting the reuse of the material for more than five treatment cycles.

Efecto de la aplicación de elicitores sobre la producción de 4b- hidroxiwithanólido E, en raíces transformadas de Physalis peruviana L.  Objetivo: Estudiar la producción del metabolito 4b-hidroxiwithanólido E, mediante el cultivo in vitro de raíces transformadas de uchuva (Physalis peruviana L.) y evaluar el efecto de la influencia de la aplicación de diferentes elicitores sobre la producción de dicho metabolito. Materiales y métodos: Se obtuvieron raíces transformadas de Physalis peruviana L. mediante infección con Agrobacterium rhizogenes C106. Se cultivaron las raíces transformadas en medio líquido Murashige & Skoog, durante cuatro semanas, al cabo de las cuales se aplicaron diferentes concentraciones de sulfato de cobre, ácido salicílico y ácido jasmónico durante 24 horas. Se cuantificó el contenido del metabolito por cromatografía líquida. Resultados: Al cuantificar la producción de 4b-hidroxiwithanólido E presente en los tejidos se encontró la mayor producción (0,323 mg/g raíces secas) luego de aplicar ácido salicílico a una concentración de 10 mM como elicitor. Conclusiones: Se logró aumentar la producción de 4b-hidroxiwithanólido E mediante la aplicación de elicitores tales como ácido salicílico y sulfato de cobre, en raíces de uchuva transformadas con Agrobacterium rhizogenes.  La mayor concentración del metabolito obtenida corresponde a 1,538 veces la encontrada en las raíces sin tratamiento con elicitores. Palabras clave: elicitores, 4b-Hidroxiwithanólido E, Physalis peruviana L., raíces transformadas. Abstract Effect of elicitor application on the production of 4--hydroxy withanolide E by hairy roots of Physalis peruviana. Objectives: To study the metabolite 4--hydroxy withanolide E production by the in vitro culture of golden berry (Physalis peruviana L.) transformed roots, and to evaluate the effect of different elicitors on the metabolite production. Materials and methods: Hairy roots of Physalis peruviana L were obtained through infection with Agrobacterium rhizogenes C106. Hairy roots were cultured on Murashige & Skoog liquid medium for four weeks, before being exposed to different concentrations of copper sulfate, salicylic acid and jasmonic acid during 24 hours. Metabolite contents were quantified using High Performance Liquid Chromatography. Results: The highest amount of 4-b-hydroxy withanolide E in hairy root tissues (0.323 mg/g of dry roots) was obtained after exposing the tissues to 10 mM salicylic acid as elicitor. Conclusions: 4--hydroxy withanolide E production in hairy roots was improved by using elicitors such as salicylic acid and copper sulphate. The highest concentration of the metabolite in hairy roots treated with elicitors was 1.538 times the control concentration (without elicitor treatment). Key words: elicitors, hairy roots, 4-b-hydroxy withanolide E, Physalis peruviana L. ResumoEfeito da aplicação de elicitores sobre a produção de 4b- hidroxiwithanólido E, em raízes transformadas de Physalis peruviana L. Objetivo: Estudar a produção do metabolito 4b-hidroxiwithanólido E em cultivo in vitro de raízes transformadas de “uchuva” (Physalis peruviana L.) e avaliar o efeito da influência da aplicação de diferentes elicitores na produção deste metabolito. Materiais e métodos: Foram obtidas raízes transformadas de Physalis peruviana L. através da infecção com Agrobacterium rhizogenes C106. Cultivaram-se durante quatro semanas as raízes transformadas em meio líquido Murashige & Skoog, depois se aplicaram diferentes concentrações de sulfato de cobre, ácido salicílico e ácido jasmónico durante 24 horas. Quantificou-se o conteúdo do metabolito por cromatografia líquida. Resultados: Ao quantificar a produção de 4b-hidroxiwithanólido E presente nos tecidos encontrou-se a maior produção (0,323mg/g raízes seca) após aplicação do ácido salicílico a uma concentração de 10 mM como elicitor. Conclusões: Aumentou-se a produção de 4b-hidroxiwithanólido E aplicando elicitores como o ácido salicílico e sulfato de cobre, nas raízes de Physalis peruviana transformadas com Agrobacterium rhizogenes. A maior concentração do metabolito é 1,538 vezes a encontrada nas raízes não tratadas com elicitores. Palavras chave: elicitores, 4b-Hidroxiwithanólido E, Physalis peruviana L., raízes transformadas.

ISHS International Conference on Postharvest and Quality Management of Horticultural Products of Interest for Tropical Regions EFFECT OF CHLORINE DIOXIDE AND OZONE ON PHYSICOCHEMICAL, MICROBIOLOGICAL AND NUTRITIONAL PARAMETERS OF ICEBERG LETTUCE (LACTUCA SATIVA VAR. CAPITATA) IN SIMULATED POSTHARVEST HANDLING IN THE BOGOTA SABANA, COLOMBIA