This study compared various extraction methods to analyze the lipidomics of Malania oleifera seed oil. The lipid composition of Malania oleifera seed oil was characterized using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-Q-Extractive plus mass spectrometry for supercritical fluid CO₂-extracted oil (SCO), ultrasonic-assisted petroleum ether-extracted oil (UPO), and hydraulic press-extracted oil (HPO). A total of 38 lipid subclasses and 2964 lipid species were identified in all three extraction methods of Malania oleifera seed oils, of which triglycerides and diglycerides were identified as the predominant lipids. UPO (189,031.89 μg/g) demonstrated lipid extraction capacity comparable to that of HPO (203,001.61 μg/g). For glycerolipid, UPO had the highest content compared to SCO and HPO. This study revealed that the three extraction methods significantly influenced the lipidomic profiles of Malania oleifera seed oil. These differences may result in the non-determinacy of the oil products and downstream product processing.

Dictyophora rubrovolvata is highly regarded and increasingly cultivated in China for its nutritional value, unique taste, and medicinal properties. However, the chemical composition of fresh D. rubrovolvata is unclear. This study applied a comprehensive metabolomic analysis of D. rubrovolvata to characterize and compare the metabolite profiles and identify significantly differential metabolites from three geographical origins in China. Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS) combined with chemometrics was employed to conduct untargeted metabolomics analysis of fresh D. rubrovolvata samples collected from the Sichuan, Fujian, and Guizhou provinces in China. Among the 383 identified metabolites, lipids and organic acids were the predominant classes. There were notable variations in metabolite composition across the three geographical areas. The Sichuan (SC) group showed a high concentration of phospholipids, the Guizhou (GZ) group was characterized by specific oxidized lipids and bioactive benzenoids, and the Fujian (FJ) group showed elevated levels of the antioxidant ergothioneine. We identified 17 unique metabolites, including tryptophol, 12-oxophytodienoic acid, and various fatty acid derivatives, which may act as significantly differential metabolites for different origins. Analysis of KEGG enrichment indicated that the main metabolic pathways involved were tryptophan metabolism, glycerophospholipid metabolism, and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis.