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Cheng Shi
Key Laboratory of Ecology and Energy-Saving Study of Dense Habitat, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China

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Journal article
Published: 26 August 2021 in Sustainability
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This study presents an analytical approach for measuring the degree of balance between urban and tourism development, which has been previously analyzed qualitatively and was difficult to measure. With the help of 1012 million cellular data records generated by 20 million users in two weeks, we tracked the behavior of residents, commuters, and tourists at a set of historical conservation areas in central Shanghai. We calculated the degree of balance and visualized it via ternary graphs. Moreover, the relationships between key urban features derived from multi-sourced urban data and balanced degrees of tourism development were analyzed via multinomial logistic analysis. Insights gained from this analysis will help to achieve a more scientific decision-making process toward balanced urban development for historical conservation area. Achievements in this study contribute to the development of human-centered planning through providing continuous measurements of an “unmeasurable” quality.

ACS Style

Cheng Shi; Mengyang Liu; Yu Ye. Measuring the Degree of Balance between Urban and Tourism Development: An Analytical Approach Using Cellular Data. Sustainability 2021, 13, 9598 .

AMA Style

Cheng Shi, Mengyang Liu, Yu Ye. Measuring the Degree of Balance between Urban and Tourism Development: An Analytical Approach Using Cellular Data. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (17):9598.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Cheng Shi; Mengyang Liu; Yu Ye. 2021. "Measuring the Degree of Balance between Urban and Tourism Development: An Analytical Approach Using Cellular Data." Sustainability 13, no. 17: 9598.

Journal article
Published: 08 July 2021 in Travel Behaviour and Society
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The prevalence of location-based big data has opened a new research frontier for estimating origin–destination commuting matrices for cities where granular flow data are not yet available from official sources. However, investigations into estimation errors and potential correction methods have been rare in the literature. To address the research gap, this paper first compares the performance of two estimated commuting matrices for Shanghai, derived by two distinct matrix estimation methods, namely a big-data approach using mobile phone signalling data and a discrete choice model for simulating the residential location of commuters. The empirical results indicate an outstanding analytical complementarity of the two approaches. A novel method is then proposed for mitigating the errors associated with the big-data approach. The proposed method features a selective blending of the big-data based flow estimation and the model-based estimation. By comparing the blended flow estimation with benchmark travel statistics, we find that the proposed method would significantly reduce the estimation errors and hence improve the robustness of the estimated matrix. It is expected that the proposed method will set a new standard for correcting potential errors in big-data based flow estimation.

ACS Style

Li Wan; Tianren Yang; Ying Jin; De Wang; Cheng Shi; Zhenxuan Yin; Mengqiu Cao; Haozhi Pan. Estimating commuting matrix and error mitigation – A complementary use of aggregate travel survey, location-based big data and discrete choice models. Travel Behaviour and Society 2021, 25, 102 -111.

AMA Style

Li Wan, Tianren Yang, Ying Jin, De Wang, Cheng Shi, Zhenxuan Yin, Mengqiu Cao, Haozhi Pan. Estimating commuting matrix and error mitigation – A complementary use of aggregate travel survey, location-based big data and discrete choice models. Travel Behaviour and Society. 2021; 25 ():102-111.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Li Wan; Tianren Yang; Ying Jin; De Wang; Cheng Shi; Zhenxuan Yin; Mengqiu Cao; Haozhi Pan. 2021. "Estimating commuting matrix and error mitigation – A complementary use of aggregate travel survey, location-based big data and discrete choice models." Travel Behaviour and Society 25, no. : 102-111.

Original research article
Published: 29 July 2020 in Frontiers in Public Health
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Physical activity brings multiple health benefits to seniors. Neighborhood parks provide seniors with accessible spaces and opportunities to engage in physical activity. This study investigated the associations between neighborhood park design characteristics and seniors' total walking step and energy expenditure during the park visit. Seniors' total step was measured by pedometer, and energy expenditure was calculated based on self-reported activities in the park. The study was conducted in 15 neighborhood parks with an area <10 ha, and included 234 senior participants. One-way ANOVA analyses indicated that seniors in parks with larger surface area, longer trail, larger natural area and outdoor fitness equipment had taken more steps. While seniors in parks without water expended more energy. For instance, seniors in parks with surface areas <3 ha walked 507 fewer steps than seniors in parks with areas between 3 and 5 ha, and 691 fewer steps than those in parks larger than 5 ha. When including seniors' demographic attributes, multiple regression analyses suggested that total step was negatively associated with age, but positively associated with total natural area in the park and the presence of outdoor fitness equipment. Seniors energy expenditure was positively associated with BMI and the presence of outdoor fitness equipment. Energy expenditure was also related to income. These findings provide direct implications for neighborhood park design and management. Planners and designers can include more natural areas over paved areas, create longer trails and place more outdoor fitness equipment in parks to encourage seniors to walk and spend more energy.

ACS Style

Yujia Zhai; Dongying Li; De Wang; Cheng Shi. Seniors' Physical Activity in Neighborhood Parks and Park Design Characteristics. Frontiers in Public Health 2020, 8, 322 .

AMA Style

Yujia Zhai, Dongying Li, De Wang, Cheng Shi. Seniors' Physical Activity in Neighborhood Parks and Park Design Characteristics. Frontiers in Public Health. 2020; 8 ():322.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yujia Zhai; Dongying Li; De Wang; Cheng Shi. 2020. "Seniors' Physical Activity in Neighborhood Parks and Park Design Characteristics." Frontiers in Public Health 8, no. : 322.

Journal article
Published: 25 February 2020 in Sustainability
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Previous evaluations of plan implementation focused on whether the materiality construction was in accordance with the plan. Without proper data, it is difficult to confirm whether the planning goals have been achieved. In this study, two types of big data have been used—full sample built-environment data and mobile-positioning big data—to evaluate the results of the implementation of the polycentric system in master planning in the Hangzhou core built-up area. Using the full sample built-environment data, the evaluation of materiality construction will be more objective and accurate. Using the mobile-positioning big data, the evaluation of the planning goals can be realized; this was almost impossible in the past. However, two aspects are considered: whether daily public activities, such as employment and recreation, have been dispersed from the old city and subsequently re-gathered in multiple centers outside the old city, and whether the polycentric system aids in optimizing the spatial relationship between residence and public activity. The following conclusions were drawn. In terms of actual materiality construction, the results showed minimal discrepancy from the plan. Fifteen city-level public centers have been constructed at principal, secondary, and sub-secondary levels. However, the polycentric system failed to achieve the expected effects of the planning goals. First, the public centers contributed in the gathering of public activities; however, the level of gathering at the newly built-up public centers was considerably lower than that at traditional public centers. Second, the public centers failed to encourage people to visit the nearest blocks for daily public activities, mainly because of the path dependence on the traditional centers in the process of multi-centralization and over-rapid expansion of the city. Owing to this, residents did not have sufficient time to adjust to the spatial relationship between the residence and daily public activities.

ACS Style

Liang Ding; Cheng Shi; Xinyi Niu. Evaluation of Plan Implementation in the Fast-Growing Chinese Mega-City: A Case of a Polycentric System in Hangzhou Core Built-Up Area. Sustainability 2020, 12, 1723 .

AMA Style

Liang Ding, Cheng Shi, Xinyi Niu. Evaluation of Plan Implementation in the Fast-Growing Chinese Mega-City: A Case of a Polycentric System in Hangzhou Core Built-Up Area. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (5):1723.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Liang Ding; Cheng Shi; Xinyi Niu. 2020. "Evaluation of Plan Implementation in the Fast-Growing Chinese Mega-City: A Case of a Polycentric System in Hangzhou Core Built-Up Area." Sustainability 12, no. 5: 1723.

Journal article
Published: 17 October 2019 in Sustainability
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This paper discusses the relationship between the polycentric spatial structure and jobs-housing matching and its influencing factors in the urbanized area of Hangzhou City in China. First, 42 employment centers are identified while using the method of the threshold value of employment density and employment to residence ratio based on the places of employment and residence that were identified from cellphone signaling data. This study found that Hangzhou have remarkable features of a polycentric system. Second, we use the jobs-housing matching rate index to measure the jobs-housing matching characteristics of employment centers. We found that the polycentric structure does not guarantee jobs-housing matching of all centers, although nearly half of the employment centers had good jobs-housing matching and 14.29% do not achieve jobs-housing matching, which indicates the uncertainty of “co-location hypothesis” in China. Employment centers of different levels, industry types, and locations also display certain regularity in their jobs-housing matching level. Third, by using correlation analysis and stepwise multiple regression analysis, we found that, besides the polycentric factor, the spatial and industrial factors also exert a certain effect on jobs-housing matching, reasonable control of the employment center size, employment to resident ratio, and industrial diversity are the determinants that affect the jobs-housing matching level.

ACS Style

Juan Zhu; Xinyi Niu; Cheng Shi. The Influencing Factors of a Polycentric Employment System on Jobs-Housing Matching—A Case Study of Hangzhou, China. Sustainability 2019, 11, 5752 .

AMA Style

Juan Zhu, Xinyi Niu, Cheng Shi. The Influencing Factors of a Polycentric Employment System on Jobs-Housing Matching—A Case Study of Hangzhou, China. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (20):5752.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Juan Zhu; Xinyi Niu; Cheng Shi. 2019. "The Influencing Factors of a Polycentric Employment System on Jobs-Housing Matching—A Case Study of Hangzhou, China." Sustainability 11, no. 20: 5752.

Journal article
Published: 17 October 2019 in Sustainability
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This paper investigates the outdoor non-work activity allocation behaviors of commuters in Xiaoshan District of Hangzhou, China, as well as the underlying relationship among different types of outdoor non-work activities. As per their commute and work schedules, commuters’ outdoor non-work activities are classified into six categories and considered as binary dependent variables for modeling analysis, including from home before work, on commute way from home to work, going home during work, going out (not going home) during work, on commute way from work back home, and from home after work. Independent variables include commute attributes, work schedules, sociodemographic attributes, and built-environmental attributes. A multivariate probit model is developed to explore the effects of explanatory variables and capture correlations among unobserved influential factors. The model estimation results show that daily work time, education years, and traffic zone have substantial impacts on commuters’ non-work activity allocations. As for the underlying relationship among unobserved factors, a positive correlation is found between the outdoor non-work activities on commute way to and from work, indicating a mutually promotive relationship. All other correlations are negative, indicating other types of non-work activities are mutually substitutive. These findings will help to better understand commuters’ behaviors of outdoor activity arrangement subject to the time-space constraint from fixed work schedules, and shed some light on the mechanism of complex work tour formation, so as to guide the development of activity-based travel demand models for commuters.

ACS Style

Xin Guan; Xin Ye; Cheng Shi; Yajie Zou. A Multivariate Modeling Analysis of Commuters’ Non-Work Activity Allocations in Xiaoshan District of Hangzhou, China. Sustainability 2019, 11, 5768 .

AMA Style

Xin Guan, Xin Ye, Cheng Shi, Yajie Zou. A Multivariate Modeling Analysis of Commuters’ Non-Work Activity Allocations in Xiaoshan District of Hangzhou, China. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (20):5768.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Xin Guan; Xin Ye; Cheng Shi; Yajie Zou. 2019. "A Multivariate Modeling Analysis of Commuters’ Non-Work Activity Allocations in Xiaoshan District of Hangzhou, China." Sustainability 11, no. 20: 5768.

Journal article
Published: 04 November 2018 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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The aim of this study is to evaluate the performance of urban environmental governance by developing hesitant fuzzy linguistic analytic network process (HFL-ANP). The study bridges the gaps in current knowledge in the following ways: the study methodically develops the HFL-ANP method to evaluate and pick the optimal environmental governance strategy from alternatives; theoretically, network structure of evaluation indicators system on environmental governance is constructed, and the objective and subjective information in the evaluation process of environmental governance is combined. In detail, based on the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) and the pollution haven hypothesis, the paper constructs the evaluation indexes system of environmental governance and takes observation time length into consideration. Then, we choose three urban cases of environmental governance by exploring the existing literature. Furthermore, we develop the HFL-ANP method and apply it to the cases. The study calculates the initial weights of all indexes by using multiplicative consistency of the HFL preference relation, and derives the decision matrix through combining objective information with subjective information of environmental governance. Finally, we come to the following conclusions: ANP network stricture is close to real-world practical problems and provides the basis for HFL-ANP method; HFL-ANP is a very suitable method of assessing environmental governance; and based on the urban cases of environmental governance, Shanghai is the optimal alternative. In addition, this indicator system can only be applied to cities in China, and the administrative hierarchy of policies has not been considered by this method. Thus, future studies should expand this method and indicator network to contain different countries and different administrative hierarchy.

ACS Style

Xing Gao; Cheng Shi; Keyu Zhai. An Evaluation of Environmental Governance in Urban China Based on a Hesitant Fuzzy Linguistic Analytic Network Process. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2018, 15, 2456 .

AMA Style

Xing Gao, Cheng Shi, Keyu Zhai. An Evaluation of Environmental Governance in Urban China Based on a Hesitant Fuzzy Linguistic Analytic Network Process. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2018; 15 (11):2456.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Xing Gao; Cheng Shi; Keyu Zhai. 2018. "An Evaluation of Environmental Governance in Urban China Based on a Hesitant Fuzzy Linguistic Analytic Network Process." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15, no. 11: 2456.

Journal article
Published: 12 October 2018 in Sustainability
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With the rapid increase of motorization in China, transitions have taken place in regards to traditional private transportation modes. This paper aims to understand four types of vehicle ownership within a household, including automobile, motorcycle, electric bicycle and human-powered bicycle. This study presents a cross-sectional multivariate ordered probit model, with a composite marginal likelihood estimation approach that accommodates the effects of explanatory variables, and capturing the dependence among the propensity to household vehicle ownership. The sample data are obtained from the residents’ household travel survey of Xiaoshan District, Hangzhou, in 2015, which can analyze the significant effects of sociodemographic attributes and built environment attributes. Interestingly, the major findings suggest that: (1) The households with higher income tend to own more automobiles, yet the effect is not obvious with a small value of elasticity, which is similar to developed countries. (2) The household education level, which takes a positive effect on automobile ownership, is a more elastic factor than income. (3) The higher population density contributes to less ownership of automobiles and motorcycles, due to traffic congestions and parking challenges. (4) There is a large substitutive relation between automobile and electric bicycle/motorcycle, and the vehicle ownership of electric bicycle/motorcycle and bicycle are mutually promoted, while motorcycle and electric-bicycle are mutually substituted.

ACS Style

Jie Ma; Xin Ye; Cheng Shi. Development of Multivariate Ordered Probit Model to Understand Household Vehicle Ownership Behavior in Xiaoshan District of Hangzhou, China. Sustainability 2018, 10, 3660 .

AMA Style

Jie Ma, Xin Ye, Cheng Shi. Development of Multivariate Ordered Probit Model to Understand Household Vehicle Ownership Behavior in Xiaoshan District of Hangzhou, China. Sustainability. 2018; 10 (10):3660.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jie Ma; Xin Ye; Cheng Shi. 2018. "Development of Multivariate Ordered Probit Model to Understand Household Vehicle Ownership Behavior in Xiaoshan District of Hangzhou, China." Sustainability 10, no. 10: 3660.