Background: Pneumonia remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in older adults, particularly due to the age-related decline in immune function. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between frailty, malnutrition, and the severity of pneumonia in older adults who received the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13). Methods: A retrospective analysis was made of 407 geriatric outpatients aged over 65 years who had received PCV13. Clinical and radiological data were collected from electronic health records and verified via telephone interviews. The primary outcomes were incidence and severity of pneumonia (mild vs. severe), hospitalization, mortality, and antibiotic use within one year following vaccination. Pneumonia severity was classified according to established criteria in the literature. Results: Of the 407 patients evaluated (mean age 73.3 ± 6.3 years; range 65–91 years; 62.9% female), 50 (12.2%) developed pneumonia within one year after PCV13 vaccination. Pneumonia was more common in patients with diabetes mellitus ( p = 0.003) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( p < 0.001). Severe pneumonia was significantly more prevalent among frail individuals ( p = 0.006). Compared to patients with mild pneumonia, those with severe pneumonia had higher Clinical Frailty Scale scores and prolonged chair stand test durations ( p = 0.002 and p = 0.031, respectively). After adjusting for age, sex, and frailty, malnutrition emerged as an independent risk factor for severe pneumonia (OR: 11.9, 95% CI: 1.592–89.285, p = 0.016). Conclusion: The findings of this study indicate that malnutrition and frailty are independent risk factors for severe pneumonia diagnosed within a year of PCV13 vaccination in older adults. Consequently, comprehensive geriatric assessment and targeted interventions beyond vaccination are essential to reduce pneumonia risk in frail or malnourished older populations. Trial registration: Not applicable.

Although obesity is a known risk factor for knee osteoarthritis (OA), the impact of sarcopenic obesity (SO) on OA remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the association between SO and knee OA in older adults. This cross-sectional study included 101 obese outpatients, of whom 61 (60.3%) had knee OA. SO was diagnosed using ESPEN/EASO criteria. OA presence was determined by two specialists based on bilateral standing knee radiographs and Kellgren-Lawrence (KL) grading (0-4). Joint cartilage was assessed via ultrasonography. Frailty was evaluated using the Clinical Frailty Scale. Osteoporosis (OP) was defined by bone mineral density measurements and confirmed fragility fractures. The study participants comprised 74 (73%) females and 27 (27%) males with a median age of 72.0 [8.0] years. The patients were divided into two groups: patients with OA (60.3%, n = 61) and those without OA (39.7%, n = 40). In regression analysis, the presence of SO increased the risk of OA independent of age, sex, body mass index (BMI), frailty, and OP (OR = 5.82, 95% CI = 1.55-21.94 and p = 0.009). The study results highlight the independent role of SO in OA development, suggesting that body composition assessment should be integrated into OA risk evaluation.

Klinik Kırılganlık Skalası Özge ÖZGÜN Edmonton ve Groningen Kırılganlık Ölçekleri Yasemin POLAT ÖZER Antropometrik Ölçümler Ceyda KAYABAŞI Katz Günlük Yaşam Aktiviteleri Ölçeği Arzu OKYAR BAŞ Lawton ve Brody Enstrümental Günlük Yaşam Aktiviteleri Ölçeği Didem KARADUMAN 4 Metre Yürüme Testi Aybuke UYAR Kalk ve Yürü Testi Cansu CIKIN Otur - Kalk Testi Okan TURHAN El Kavrama Kuvveti Ölçümü Deniz CENGİZ SARC-F Elif GECEGELEN Mini Mental Durum Testi İskender Arda NACAR Saat Çizme Testi Mihriban GUNGOR Yesavage Depresyon Skalası Murat PEHLİVAN Cornell Demansta Depresyon Ölçeği Ayşegul ERDOĞDU BAKIR Mini Nütrisyonel Değerlendirme Testi Kısa Formu Mustafa LEVENT PAINAD Meryem ASLAN Yutma Değerlendirilmesinde Kullanılan Testler Cansu ATBAŞ