There is a unique microbial community in the female lower genital tract known as the vaginal microbiota, which varies in composition and density and provides significant benefits during pregnancy, reproductive cyclicity, healthy newborn delivery, protection from preterm birth, infections such as UTIs, bacterial vaginosis, and so on, and improves the efficacy of treatments for vaginal cancers. Methods: It is necessary to know how the vaginal microbiome is composed in order to make an accurate diagnosis of the diseases listed above. A microbiome’s members are difficult to classify, and the way microbial communities function and influence host–pathogen interactions are difficult to understand. More and more metagenomic studies are able to unravel such complexities due to advances in high-throughput sequencing and bioinformatics. When it comes to vaginal microbiota research, we’ll be looking at the use of modern techniques and strategies that can be used to investigate variations in vaginal microbiota in order to detect diseases earlier, better treat vaginal disorders, and boost women’s health. Discussion: The discussed techniques and strategies may improve the treatment of vaginal disorders and may be beneficial for women’s overall health.

Introduction: Finger millet ( Eleusine coracana ) is gaining increasing recognition as a functional food and a promising source of nutraceuticals for mitigating metabolic disorders, owing to its abundance of bioactive compounds. Despite its nutritional and therapeutic potential, comprehensive metabolomic profiling of its primary and secondary metabolites remains limited. This study aimed to perform an in-depth metabolomic analysis of finger millet landraces cultivated in the temperate region of Padder Valley, District Kishtwar, Union Territory of Jammu and Kashmir, and to assess the therapeutic relevance of these metabolites in preventing metabolic diseases. Methods: Comprehensive phytochemical profiling was conducted using liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS/MS) to identify and characterize primary and secondary metabolites in finger millet grains. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was employed to quantify macro- and microelemental contents. Results: Metabolomic analysis identified a total of 50 primary metabolites, including derivatives of amino acids, fatty acids, and carbohydrates such as dehydroascorbic acid, niacin, xanthine, orotic acid, nicotinuric acid, gluconic acid, propionic acid, decanoic acid, and palmitic acid. Additionally, 135 secondary metabolites were characterized, encompassing heterocyclic compounds, phenolics, flavonoids, alkaloids, and terpenes such as 4-hydroxycyclohexylcarboxylic acid, 2-furoic acid, methyl cinnamate, mesitol, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, heptalactone, viburtinal, and geranic acid. Elemental analysis revealed the presence of 10 macro- and microelements, with magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), potassium (K), and phosphorus (P) being the most abundant. Discussion: The comprehensive metabolite profiling demonstrates that finger millet is a rich source of bioactive primary and secondary compounds with potential therapeutic benefits. The diversity of metabolites and essential minerals highlights its value as a functional food ingredient for the prevention and management of metabolic disorders. These findings provide a biochemical basis for the development of value-added nutraceutical products derived from finger millet landraces.

Agriculture is a foundation of several emerging countries, and it is one of the most economically significant drivers. Farmers, consumers, and the environment are all at risk as a result of the increased usage of mineral fertilizers and harmful pesticides. Over the last few years, substantial research into the application of Nanotechnology to boost agricultural productivity has been undertaken. Nanoparticles (NPs) have been discovered to be beneficial as nanopesticides, nanobiosensor, nanofertilizers, and nanoremediation in agrifood production. Nutrients, pesticides, fungicides, and herbicides are compacted with a variety of NPs to facilitate the progressive release of fertilisers and pesticides, resulting in exact dose accessibility to plants. Nanofertilizers improve nutrient utilization, reduce nutrient deficiencies, reduce soil toxicity, and lessen the negative consequences of overdosing, all while reducing treatment frequency. Nanoformulations are used in agriculture to boost germination of seed, reduce nutrient losses in fertilization, reduce the amount of pesticides dispersed, aid water and nutrient management, and. This review also discusses various challenges and concerns about pesticide product development, formulation, and toxicity for ecologically friendly and sustainable agriculture.